ࡱ> bjbjVV:<<1^^^^^rrrrLdr"@"""""M?O?O?O?O?O?O?$ALDs?i^s?^^""?E>E>E>^"^"M?E>M?E>E>E>"гgscQr0 E>9??0"@E>DE<DE>D^E>E>s?s? >:"@D( $:******************************************* >; #09B. "2>@G5A:0O 72C:>70?8AL. *******************************************  ! >340 O ?@>G8B0; MBC :=83C, ?5@2>9 <>59 <KA;LN 1K;>: "0;L, GB> MB> =5 O 55 =0?8A0;!" >B>< O ?>4C<0; > B><, :0: 25;8:0 ?>B@51=>ABL G8B0B5;59 2 B0:>< A60B><, => 3;C1>:>< 8AA;54>20=88 ?@>F5AA0 B2>@G5A:>9 72C:>70?8A8.  ?@>H;>< 2KE>48;8 :=838, 2 :>B>@KE @0AA:07K20;>AL > ?@>F5AA5 70?8A8 2 G5@5AGC@ C?@>I5==>. 5:>B>@K5 87 =8E 1K;8 =0?8A0=K 2 ;53:><KA;5==>< 4CE5. ! 4@C3>9 AB>@>=K, 2KH;> <=>3> E>@>H8E CG51=8:>2 ?> MB><C ?@54<5BC, 2:;NG0O 25;8:>;5?=CN :=83C "@0:B8:0 72C:>70?8A8", 8740==0O AA>F80F859 @>D5AA8>=0;L=KE !BC489. > B5< G8B0B5;O<, :B> B>;L:> =0G8=05B 70=8<0BLAO 4><0H=59 72C:>70?8ALN, C?><O=CBK9 CG51=8: <>65B ?>:070BLAO A;8H:>< A;>6=K<. -B8 ;N48 =C640NBAO =5 B>;L:> 2 ?>=8<0=88 ACB8 ?@>F5AA0 72C:>70?8A8, => 8 2 @0AA:075 > <5B>48:0E 8 <0;5=L:8E E8B@>ABOE, :>B>@K5 ?@8<5=ONBAO ?@8 70?8A8 A>2@5<5==>9 <C7K:8. >;C #09BC, 02B>@C 40==>9 :=838, C40;>AL 87;>68BL MB> 7=0=85 :0: @07 2 B@51C5<>< :>;8G5AB25. =830 =5 A;8H:>< 0:045<8G=0, => 2 =59 ?@>ABK< 8 ?>=OB=K< O7K:>< 3>2>@8BAO > 206=KE 0A?5:B0E, :>B>@K5 2 4@C38E :=830E 8 CG51=8:0E 87;030NBAO ?@8 ?><>I8 D>@<C; 8 B5E=8G5A:8E ?>=OB89.  B> 65 2@5<O 2A5 B5<K, > :>B>@KE 2545BAO @5GL, >A25I5=K 2 4>AB0B>G=>9 <5@5, 157 87;8H=8E C?@>I5=89. 2C:>70?8AL O2;O5BAO B2>@G5A:8< ?@>F5AA><.  MB>9 :=835 >ACI5AB2;5= :0: @07 B0:>9 ?>4E>4 : 2>?@>AC.  MB>< 5ABL >1I55 <564C :=83>9 8 <5B>48:>9 ?@5?>4020=8O =0 =0H8E CG51=KE :C@A0E 2 M9BCM5. 8 >48= 206=K9 2>?@>A =5 C?CI5=, 8 2 B> 65 2@5<O C40;>AL 871560BL ?@>AB@0==KE B5E=>;>38G5A:8E >1JOA=5=89. / 1C4C @5:><5=4>20BL MBC :=83C 2A5< =0H8< ABC45=B0< 2 ?>;8B5E=8G5A:8E :>;;5460E M9BCMO 8 8=3AB>=0. M284 #>@4 ______________________ M284 #>@4 O2;O5BAO >A=>20B5;5< 2KA>:> 70@5:><5=4>202H59 A51O 59BCM9A:>9 (:>;K 2C:>70?8A8 8 C7K:0;L=>9 "5E=>;>388 2 8=3AB>=5, 3@0DAB2> !C@@59, =3;8O. +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ >; #09B. "2>@G5A:0O 72C:>70?8AL ABC?;5=85 0 ?>A;54=85 =5A:>;L:> ;5B B5E=8:0 4><0H=59 70?8A8 ?@>H;0 4>;389 ?CBL @0728B8O. !59G0A ;N1>9 2;045;5F 4><0H=59 ABC488 ?>;L7C5BAO =5 <5=55 :0G5AB25==K< 8 A;>6=K< >1>@C4>20=85<, G5< B>, GB> ?@8<5=O5BAO =0 ?@>D5AA8>=0;L=KE ABC48OE; ?@8 MB>< >1>@C4>20=85 4;O 4><0H=59 ABC488 AB>8B 45H52;5. '5< A;>6=55 AB0=>28BAO >1>@C4>20=85, B5< 1>;LH5 2>7@0AB05B B2>@G5A:89 ?>B5=F80; 4><0H=59 ABC488. > >:>=G0B5;L=K9 @57C;LB0B 7028A8B B>;L:> >B C<5=8O 72C:>8=65=5@0 8A?>;L7>20BL A2>5 >1>@C4>20=85.  =0AB>OI55 2@5<O >1KG=0O ?5A=O "A>18@05BAO" ?> G0ABO<, B@5: 70 B@5:><: ;81> =5A:>;L:> <C7K:0=B>2 83@0NB :064K9 A2>N ?0@B8N, ;81> MB> 45;05B >48= <C7K:0=B (83@05B 70 2A5E). A?>;L7>20=85  A5:25=A>@>2 ?@82>48B : B><C, GB> =5:>B>@K5 B@5:8 =5 8<5NB =8G53> >1I53> A 8AE>4=K< 8A?>;=5=85<. 01>B0 8=65=5@0 8 ?@>4NA5@0 A>AB>8B 2 B><, GB>1K A>1@0BL 2A5 MB8 ?@>AB@0=AB25==>-2@5<5==K5 A>1KB8O 8 A45;0BL 87 =8E <C7K:C, 2 :>B>@>9 :0640O G0ABL 8450;L=> ?>4E>48B : 4@C3>9. 'B>1K A45;0BL MB>, =C6=> 1KBL =5<=>3> EC4>6=8:><, =5<=>3> CG5=K<. K 4>;6=K 7=0BL, :0: @01>B05B 2A5 20H5 >1>@C4>20=85, 8 =0CG8BLAO ?>;L7>20BLAO 8<, ?>;CG0BL B@51C5<K9 @57C;LB0B. 0CG=K9 0A?5:B @01>BK A>AB>8B 2 B><, GB>1K 7=0BL, :0: A>548=8BL 2A5 2 548=CN A8AB5<C 8 :0: C?@02;OBL ?0@0<5B@0<8, 2;8ONI8<8 =0 >1@01>B:C 72C:0. %C4>65AB25==K9 0A?5:B 2:;NG05BAO, :>340 2K ?@8=8<05B5 @5H5=85, :0:85 MDD5:BK 8 72C:8 8A?>;L7>20BL, :0:8< 4>;65= 1KBL 10;0=A 8 :0: @07<5AB8BL @07;8G=K5 ?0@B88 2 >:>=G0B5;L=>< <8:A5. A;8 704C<0BLAO > B><, GB> B5E=>;>38O, 8A?>;L7C5<0O 2 A>2@5<5==>9 72C:>70?8A8, ?> A;>6=>AB8 CABC?05B B>;L:>, ?>60;C9, >1>@>==>9 M;5:B@>=8:5, B> C?@02;5=85 ?@>F5AA>< 70?8A8 <>65B ?>:070BLAO AB@0H=> A;>6=K< 45;><.  AG0ABLN, ?>=8<0=85 ?>AB5?5==> ?@8E>48B, 8 ?>A;5 B>3>, :0: 2K 2;>68;8 =5<0;K5 45=L38 2 >1>@C4>20=85, 8<55B A<KA; ?>B@0B8BL =5<=>3> 2@5<5=8 =0 B>, GB>1K @07>1@0BLAO, :0: ;CGH5 2A53> 2A5< MB8< ?>;L7>20BLAO.  =0AB>OI55 2@5<O =0 @K=:5 8<55BAO <=>3> @07=KE :=83. 4=8 87 =8E ?@54=07=0G5=K 4;O B5E, :B> =0G8=05B A =C;O; 4@C385 ?>;=K D>@<C;. 0==0O :=830 O2;O5BAO ?5@2>9 2 A5@88 :=83, >A25I0NI8E 25AL ?@>F5AA F5;8:><. =0 ?>A2OI5=0 >1JOA=5=8N, :0: @01>B0NB MDD5:BK 8 ?@>F5AA>@K, :0:>5 2;8O=85 >=8 >:07K20NB =0 72C:, :0: 8E C?>B@518BL ?@8 70?8A8 8 ?@8 A2545=88. =>340 <>65B 2AB@5B8BLAO B5E=8G5A:89 60@3>=, => O A45;0; 2A5 >B A51O 7028AOI55, GB>1K >1JOA=8BL MB> 4>ABC?=> 8 A>E@0=8BL A<KA;. =5 7028A8<>AB8 >B B>3>, O2;O5B5AL ;8 2K A5@L57=K< M=BC780AB>< 4><0H=59 70?8A8 8;8 ?@>D5AA8>=0;L=K< ?@>4NA5@><, 2K A>3;0A8B5AL, GB> <0;> GB> 2 687=8 B0: @04C5B, :0: ?@52@0I5=85 E>@>H59 70?8A8 2 25;8:>;5?=CN. ! 20H8< M=BC7807<>< 8 A MB>9 :=83>9 2 @C:0E 2K =0CG8B5AL, :0: MB> A45;0BL. >; #09B ?@5;L 1989 _________________________ !>45@60=85 _________________________ @548A;>285 ABC?;5=85 8:H5@A:0O :>=A>;L ABC?;5=85 !5:F8O M:20;0975@0 (8=K 4>?>;=8B5;L=KE MDD5:B>2 (Aux) K1>@ =0?@02;5=8O >=8B>@8=3 5@5:;NG0B5;L <>=8B>@0 =>?:0 Talkback >=A>;8 B8?0 "in-line" 2B><0B870F8O "5E=8G5A:85 E0@0:B5@8AB8:8 !>548=5=8O ><<CB0F8>==K5 ?0=5;8 ABC?;5=85 >@<0;870F8O -@3>=><8:0 !>548=8B5;L=K5 ?@>2>40 -:20;0975@K ABC?;5=85 >;>A>2K5 D8;LB@K @0D8G5A:85 M:20;0975@K 0@0<5B@8G5A:89 M:20;0975@ &8D@>2K5 M:20;0975@K "5E=8G5A:85 ?0@0<5B@K >4:;NG5=85 @8<5=5=85 '0AB>BK, :>B>@K5 ?>;57=> ?><=8BL =E0=A5@K ABC?;5=85 >7<>6=>AB8 #AB0=>2:0 ?0@0<5B@>2 @8<5=5=85 07=>284=>AB8 8=E0=A5@>2 ><?@5AA>@K 8 ;8<8B5@K #?@02;5=85 CA8;5=85< -;5:B@>==0O @53C;8@>2:0 @5<O 0B0:8 8 2@5<O 2>AAB0=>2;5=8O Side Chain Soft Knee AB@>5==K5 359BK 0@80=BK :><?@5AA>@>2 !>548=5=85 "5E=8G5A:85 E0@0:B5@8AB8:8 @8<5=5=85 :><?@5AA>@>2 >:0; :CAB8G5A:0O 38B0@0 0c-38B0@0 -;5:B@>38B0@0 !8=B570B>@K 0@010=K 8:A "09<-:>4 59BK 8 M:A?0=45@K ABC?;5=85 B0:0 8 2>AAB0=>2;5=85 Side Chain @8<5=5=85 0@80=BK 359B>2 8=0<8G5A:89 HC<>?>4028B5;L "5E=8G5A:85 E0@0:B5@8AB8:8 !>548=5=85 @8<5=5=85 359B>2 >:0; -;5:B@>38B0@K ;028H=K5 8=AB@C<5=BK 0@010=K !?5F80;L=K5 MDD5:BK 0=>@0<8@>20=85 ABC?;5=85 5@5:;NG5=85 @8<5=5=85 A524>AB5@5> "5E=8G5A:85 E0@0:B5@8AB8:8 &8D@>2K5 MDD5:BK ABC?;5=85 "5>@8O AM<?;8@>20=8O &8D@>20O 7045@6:0 !>740=85 MDD5:B>2 @>3@0<<8@>20=85 "5E=8G5A:85 E0@0:B5@8AB8:8 !>548=5=8O @8<5=5=85 Xopyc A:CAAB25==0O 42>9=0O 4>@>6:0 81@0B> !4283 D07K $;M=465@ 0=>@0<8@>20=85 7045@6:8 0F8:;820=85 "70<>@>65==>3>" A83=0;0 !B5@5>48;M9 A:CAAB25==0O @525@15@0F8O ABC?;5=85 0@0<5B@K 525@15@0B>@ @>3@0<<8@>20=85 @5A5BK !?5F80;L=K5 MDD5:BK "5E=8G5A:85 E0@0:B5@8AB8:8 !>548=5=8O @8<5=5=85 @525@15@0B>@>2 0@010=K >:0; 8B0@K ;028H=K5 0@<>=0975@K ABC?;5=85 Glitching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split". -B8 :>=A>;8 =081>;55 ?>?C;O@=K =0 4><0H=8E 8 ?>;C?@>D5AA8>=0;L=KE ABC48OE. 065 :@C?=K5 ABC488 >B40NB 8< ?@54?>GB5=85 70 ;53:>ABL 2 @01>B5. ;O B5E A<5;LG0:>2, :>B>@K5 @01>B0NB A :>=A>;O<8 B8?0 "in line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gain") CAB0=02;820NB B@51C5<K9 C@>25=L A83=0;0. 06=> ?@028;L=> CAB0=>28BL MB>B C@>25=L, GB>1K =5 1K;> ;8H=53> HC<0 8 8A:065=89. A;8 =0 ?C;LB5 8<5NBAO :=>?:0 PFL (pre-fade listen - ?@>A;CH820=85 4> D5945@0) 8;8 Solo, TO ?@8 =060B88 =0 =55 2K <>65B5 2845BL C@>25=L A83=0;0 =0 8=48:0B>@0E. -B> ?>72>;O5B ;53:> CAB0=>28BL C@>25=L A83=0;0 2=5 7028A8<>AB8 >B ?>;>65=8O D5945@>2. @><5 B>3>, 2K 1C45B5 A;KH0BL A83=0; >B45;L=> 2 <>=8B>@0E. A;8 B0:8E :=>?>: =0 20H5< ?C;LB5 =5B, B> ;CGH89 A?>A>1 CAB0=>2:8 2E>4=>3> C@>2=O A>AB>8B 2 A;54CNI5<: CAB0=>28B5 :0=0;L=K9 D5945@ =0 B@8 G5B25@B8, AB5@5>D5945@K 2KE>40 - =0 >B<5B:C 0 4, ?>A;5 G53> >B@53C;8@C9B5 C@>25=L 2E>4=>3> A83=0;0 ?@8 ?><>I8 @CG:8 "gain", GB>1K A83=0; 1K; E>@>H> 2845= =0 >A=>2=KE 8=48:0B>@0E 2KE>40. >4 A;>20<8 "E>@>H> 2845=" ?>4@07C<5205BAO, GB> :@0A=K5 >3=8 703>@0NBAO B>;L:> ?@8 ?8:0E. "0:65 2 MBC G0ABL 2E>4=>3> :0=0;0 2E>48B :=>?:0 ?>=865=8O C@>2=O <8:@>D>==>3> A83=0;0 =0 20 4. =0 ?@8<5=O5BAO 2 B5E A;CG0OE, :>340 A83=0;, ?>ABC?0NI89 A <8:@>D>=0, A;8H:>< 2KA>: ?> C@>2=N. >4>1=0O A8BC0F8O 2AB@5G05BAO 4>2>;L=> @54:>, => 2A5 65 1K205B, =0?@8<5@, :>340 GC2AB28B5;L=K9 <8:@>D>= @0A?>;>65= ?>1;87>AB8 >B 8AB>G=8:0 3@><:>3> A83=0;0 - A:065<, 10A-10@010=0. =>?:0 ?>=8605B 2E>4=>9 C@>25=L A83=0;0 =0 20 4, ?@5645 G5< >= ?>ABC?05B =0 2E>4=>9 CA8;8B5;L.  1>;55 A;>6=>< ?C;LB5 2 MB>9 G0AB8 :0=0;0 8<55BAO B0:65 :=>?:0 ?5@52>@>B0 D07K <8:@>D>==>3> (8=>340 - <8:@>D>==>3> 8 ;8=59=>3>) A83=0;0. =0 8A?>;L7C5BAO 2 A8BC0F88 A =5A:>;L:8<8 <8:@>D>=0<8, :>340 2>7=8:0NB ?@>1;5<K A 2KG5B>< D07K.  B0:8E A;CG0OE A;54C5B =060BL :=>?:C, GB>1K 8=25@B8@>20BL D07C >4=>3> 87 <8:@>D>=>2, 8 ?>A;CH0BL, :0: B5?5@L 72CG8B A83=0; (2 >A>15==>AB8 - 2 >1;0AB8 =87:8E G0AB>B, 345 D07>2K5 ?@>1;5<K =081>;55 70<5B=K). !5:F8O M:20;0975@0 ;O 1>;55 ?>4@>1=>9 8=D>@<0F88 A<. A>>B25BAB2CNICN 3;02C MB>9 :=838.  40==>9 G0AB8 <K ?@>AB> @0715@5<, :0: 8A?>;L7C5BAO M:20;0975@ 2 ?@>F5AA5 <8:H8@>20=8O. -:20;0975@ - MB> @53C;OB>@ B5<1@0. 0 ?@>AB59H59 :>=A>;8 A5:F8O M:20;0975@0 A>AB>8B B>;L:> 87 @53C;OB>@>2 25@E=8E 8 =87:8E G0AB>B ("hi" 8 "lo"), => 1>;LH8=AB2> <8:H5@>2 8<55B B0:65 E>BO 1K >48= @53C;OB>@ A@54=8E G0AB>B. 0: ?@028;>, >= <>65B =0AB@0820BLAO =0 @07;8G=K5 G0AB>BK. @><5 B>3>, 2A5 B8?K M:20;0975@>2 ?@54CA<0B@820NB DC=:F88 "?>402;5=8O" 8;8 "CA8;5=8O" :>=:@5B=>9 G0AB>BK. @8 ?><>I8 =8E 2K <>65B5 C1@0BL =5:>B>@K5 G0AB8 0C48> A?5:B@0 8;8 A45;0BL 8E 1>;55 O2=K<8. 0@0<5B@8G5A:89 M:20;0975@ - ?>72>;O5B =5 B>;L:> 2K1@0BL G0AB>BC 4;O >1@01>B:8, => B0:65 87<5=8BL 480?07>= G0AB>B, =0 :>B>@K5 >1@01>B:0 1C45B 2;8OBL. -B>B 4>?>;=8B5;L=K9 ?0@0<5B@ =07K205BAO "H8@8=0 ?>;>AK" ("bandwidth"), 8;8 A>:@0I5==> Q ("4>1@>B=>ABL"). '5< 2KH5 Q, B5< C65 H8@8=0 ?>;>AK. @8 CAB0=>2:5 Q =0 <0:A8<C<, M:20;0975@ <>65B @01>B0BL A ?>;>A>9 0C48> A?5:B@0 <5=55 ?>;CB>=0. =>?:0 "Bypass" (">1E>4") >B:;NG05B M:20;0975@. =0 ?@8<5=O5BAO 4;O B>3>, GB>1K A@02=8BL A83=0; A 8AE>4=K< 8 ?>A;CH0BL, C40;>AL ;8 20< A45;0BL 53> ;CGH5. ><=8B5: 5A;8 20< =5 B@51C5BAO @53C;8@>20BL B5<1@, ;CGH5 =060BL MBC :=>?:C. !83=0; 2 MB>< A;CG05 <8=C5B =0 A2>5< ?CB8 =5A:>;L:> M;5:B@8G5A:8E :><?>=5=B>2, GB> A45;05B 53> =5<=>3> G8I5. !CI5AB2C5B >1I55 ?@028;>: =C6=> AB0@0BLAO ?>;CG8BL E>@>H89 A83=0; >B 8AB>G=8:0, GB>1K 70459AB2>20BL M:20;0975@ ?> <8=8<C<C (B.5. 8AE>4=K9 A83=0; 4>;65= 1KBL :0: <>6=> ;CGH5). A;8 72C: 87=0G0;L=> ?;>E, =8:0:>9 M:20;0975@ =5 ?><>65B, 4065 5A;8 2K 2K25@=5B5 2A5 @CG:8 4> >B:070. -B> ?><>65B B>;L:> 2 B>< A;CG05, :>340 20< =04> A>740BL :0:>9-B> A?5F80;L=K9 MDD5:B, 0 =5 ?@8 2>AAB0=>2;5=88 B5<1@0;L=>3> 10;0=A0.  1>;55 A;>6=KE ?C;LB0E 2 A5:F88 M:20;0975@0 20< 2AB@5BOBAO B0:65 8 4@C385 @53C;OB>@K. >-?5@2KE, G0AB>BK, =0 :>B>@KE 2ABC?0NB 2 A8;C @53C;8@>2:8 25@E=8E 8 =87:8E G0AB>B, <>3CB ?5@5:;NG0BLAO <564C 42C<O 7040==K<8 25;8G8=0<8 (7=0G5=8O<8). 0;55, <>65B 1KBL D8;LB@ AC?5@=87:8E G0AB>B ("sub-bass filter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uE) 53C;OB>@K ?>AK;0 A83=0;0 =0 4>?>;=8B5;L=K5 CAB@>9AB20 (>1@01>B:8) >1KG=> @0A?>;>65=K =865 A5:F88 M:20;0975@0. =8 >1KG=> >1>7=0G5=K "pre-fader" 8;8 "post-fader", 8;8 ACI5AB2C5B 2>7<>6=>ABL ?5@5:;NG5=8O A >4=>3> 20@80=B0 =0 4@C3>9.  A>AB>O=88 "pre-fader" CAB@>9AB2> @01>B05B :0: >1KG=K9 @53C;OB>@ C@>2=O A83=0;0 (=57028A8<> >B ?>;>65=8O D5945@0 :0=0;0); A83=0; ?>405BAO =0 <8:H5@A:CN H8=C, 345 >= A;8205BAO A A83=0;0<8 87 4@C38E :0=0;>2. ><18=8@>20==K9 A83=0; 40;55 ?>ABC?05B =0 >B45;L=K9 @53C;OB>@ ?>AK;0 =0 4>?>;=8B5;L=>5 CAB@>9AB2> 2 <0AB5@-A5:F88, @0A?>;>65==K9 >1KG=> 2 ?@02>9 G0AB8 ?C;LB0, >B:C40 >= ?>405BAO =0 >B45;L=K9 2KE>4. 45AL <K 8<55< MOHO-MKC A> 2A5E :0=0;>2, A10;0=A8@>20==K9 ?@8 ?><>I8 @CG5: "pre-fade". 53C;OB>@ =0 <0AB5@-A5:F88 459AB2C5B :0: >1KG=K9 <0AB5@-@53C;OB>@ C@>2=O. >;55 4>@>385 :>=A>;8 <>3CB 8<5BL 4>?>;=8B5;L=K5 @53C;OB>@K "pre-fade", :>B>@K5 ?>40NB A83=0;K =0 >B45;L=K5 H8=K 8 @01>B0NB =57028A8<> >B >A=>2=KE. =8 ?>72>;ONB, : ?@8<5@C, A45;0BL =5A:>;L:> @07=KE <8:A>2, GB>1K :064K9 <C7K:0=B <>3 A;KH0BL 0C48> :0@B8=:C B0:, :0: 5<C B@51C5BAO. 0?@8<5@, 2>:0;8ABK >1KG=> E>BOB E>@>H> A;KH0BL 4@C38E 2>:0;8AB>2, GB>1K E>@>H> AB@>8BL 30@<>=88; 10@010=I8:, =0?@>B82, E>G5B A;KH0BL ;CGH5 2A5E 10A8AB0. "0:8< >1@07><, 4>?>;=8B5;L=K5 ?>AK;K =0 >1@01>B:C (Aux Sends) 8A?>;L7CNBAO 4;O C?@02;5=8O <>=8B>@0<8 2 ABC488. >AK;K =0 >1@01>B:C B8?0 "post-fader" >B;8G0NBAO >B >?8A0==KE 2KH5 B5<, GB> C@>25=L A83=0;0, ?>ABC?0NI53> A =8E =0 AC<<8@CNICN H8=C, 7028A8B >B ?>;>65=8O D5945@0. -B8 @53C;OB>@K E>@>H> 8A?>;L7>20BL 4;O ?>AK;0 A83=0;0 =0 4>?>;=8B5;L=K5 MDD5:BK, ?>A:>;L:C >1KG=>, :>340 2K C18@05B5 3@><:>ABL ?@O<>3> A83=0;0, 2K E>B8B5, GB>1K C@>25=L >1@01>B0==>3> A83=0;0 C<5=LH8;AO =0 B0:CN 65 25;8G8=C.  =0AB>OI55 2@5<O ?@8=OB> 8<5BL 2 ABC488 <=>3> @07;8G=KE MDD5:B>2, ?>MB><C, G5< 1>;LH5 C 20A =0 ?C;LB5 8<55BAO @CG5: "post fade aux send" (8;8 "effect send"), B5< C4>1=55 @01>B0BL.  >A=>2=>< MB> 8A?>;L7C5BAO ?@8 A2545=88, ?>MB><C G0AB> 2 CAB@>9AB25 ?C;LB0 5ABL 2>7<>6=>ABL ?5@5:;NG8BL @53C;OB>@ 87 ?>;>65=8O "pre-fade" 2 ?>;>65=85 "post-fade", B0: :0: ?@8 A2545=88 =5 B@51C5BAO ?>AK;0BL A83=0;K =0 <>=8B>@K 2 ABC48N. "0:8< >1@07><, 2K ?>;CG05B5 4>?>;=8B5;L=K5 2KE>4K =0 MDD5:BK. 8=8<0;L=>5 :>;8G5AB2> @53C;OB>@>2 Aux Send - B@8. @54?>GB8B5;L=>, GB>1K 8E 1K;> 1>;LH5. >;57=> B0:65 8<5BL =0 2KE>45 :=>?:C PFL 8;8 Solo, GB>1K ?@>A;CH0BL (?@>25@8BL) A83=0; ?5@54 >B?@02:>9 =0 CAB@>9AB2> MDD5:B>2. ">G:0 Insert - "@07@K2" - MB> @07J5< =0 :0=0;5. !N40 2AB02;O5BAO @0745;8B5;L=K9 AB5@5> 465:. ">G:0 ?>72>;O5B 2:;NG8BL 2 ?CBL A83=0;0 >B45;L=K9 72C:>2>9 ?@>F5AA>@ (B>;L:> 2 40==K9 :0=0;) ?@8 ?><>I8 ;81> A?5F80;L=>3> 420-<>=>=AB5@5> 465:0 ("HB0=K"), ;81> (2AB@5G05BAO G0I5) - G5@57 :><<CB0F8>==CN ?0=5;L. 01>B05B B0: 65, :0: @07J5<K "?5B;O MDD5:B>2" (effect loop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post-fade" =0 2E>4=>< :0=0;5 (?@8 MB>< 2>72@0BK MDD5:B>2 ?>ABC?0NB =5?>A@54AB25==> 2 AB5@5><8:A), 8 MB8 65 :0=0;K A>1@0=K 2 ?>43@C??C, B> D5945@ ?>43@C??K =5 2;8O5B =0 C@>25=L MDD5:B>2.  B0:>< A;CG05 >= <>65B @53C;8@>20BLAO B>;L:> >A=>2=K< D5945@>< :0=0;0. >65B A;CG8BLAO, GB> 2K C18@05B5 AC1<8:A C40@=>9 CAB0=>2:8 ?@8 ?><>I8 D5945@0 ?>43@C??K 8 >1=0@C68205B5, GB> 8A:CAAB25==0O @525@15@0F8O, :>B>@CN 2K 4>1028;8 2 :0=0;5, 2A5 @02=> A;KH=0. 'B>1K @5H8BL MBC ?@>1;5<C, B@51C5BAO ;81> 4>102;OBL MDD5:B B>;L:> =0 MB0?5 ?>43@C??K (0 =5 2> 2E>4=>< :0=0;5), ;81> =0?@028BL 2KE>4=>9 A83=0; A MDD5:B>2 =0 BC 65 ?0@C ?>43@C??. -B> 2>7<>6=> =0 1>;LH8=AB25 <8:H5@A:8E :>=A>;59, B0: :0: 2 A5:F88 2>72@0B>2 MDD5:B>2 8<5NBAO B0:85 :><<CB0F8>==K5 :=>?:8, :0: 8 2 8=48284C0;L=KE :0=0;0E. 7 ?5@5G8A;5==KE 20@80=B>2 @5H5=8O ?@>1;5<K 2B>@>9 ?@54AB02;O5BAO =081>;55 C4>1=K<, => A;54C5B ?><=8BL, GB> 2 B0:>< A;CG05 =0 40==K9 MDD5:B 2K =5 <>65B5 ?>AK;0BL A83=0; A 4@C38E :0=0;>2, :@><5 B5E, GB> A>1@0=K 2 ?>43@C??C. !CI5AB2C5B 4@C3>9 A?>A>1 @01>BK A MDD5:B0<8 8 ?>43@C??0<8 - ?@8 ?><>I8 8A?>;L7>20=8O 4>?>;=8B5;L=KE 2E>4=KE :0=0;>2. 0 =5:>B>@KE ?C;LB0E =5 8<55BAO A5:F88 M:20;0975@0 4;O 2>72@0B0 A MDD5:B>2; =0 4@C38E 5ABL 2>7<>6=>ABL @53C;8@>20BL 2KA>:85 8 =87:85 G0AB>BK; 1K20NB ?C;LBK A 1>;55 A;>6=K< M:20;0975@>< 2 MB>9 A5:F88. <5NBAO :=>?:8 4;O :><<CB0F88 (=0?@02;5=8O) A83=0;0, ?@8E>4OI53> A MDD5:B0, ;81> =0 AB5@5>H8=C, ;81> =0 ?>43@C??K, a B0:65 @CG:0 ?0=>@0<8@>20=8O (B0:0O 65, :0: =0 2E>4=>< :0=0;5). 54:>, => 2A5 65 2AB@5G0NBAO ?C;LBK, 345 2 A5:F88 2>72@0B0 A MDD5:B>2 8<55BAO <8:@>D>==K9 2E>4, ?>AK;K =0 MDD5:BK 8;8 B>G:8 @07@K20. >A:>;L:C 2>72@0BK A MDD5:B>2 ?> ACI5AB2C O2;ONBAO B5<8 65 2E>4=K<8 :0=0;0<8, B>;L:> ?@>I5 ?> CAB@>9AB2C, B> <>6=> 8A?>;L7>20BL 8E 2 :0G5AB25 4>?>;=8B5;L=KE ;8=59=KE 2E>4>2 (5A;8 >=8 =5 B@51CNBAO 4;O MDD5:B>2); B>G=> B0:65 2K <>65B5 8A?>;L7>20BL A2>1>4=K5 2E>4=K5 :0=0;K 2 :0G5AB25 4>?>;=8B5;L=KE 2>72@0B>2 A MDD5:B>2, 5A;8 >=8 =5 B@51CNBAO 4;O 2E>4=KE A83=0;>2.  A;CG05 8A?>;L7>20=8O 2E>4=>3> :0=0;0 2 :0G5AB25 2>72@0B0 A MDD5:B>2 =C6=> A;548BL, GB>1K @CG:0 ?>AK;0 =0 MDD5:B 2 MB>< :0=0;0 1K;0 70:@KB0, 8=0G5 A83=0;, ?>;CG5==K9 A MDD5:B0, 1C45B >?OBL ?>A;0= =0 B>B 65 ?@81>@, GB> 2K7>25B A8;L=CN >1@0B=CN A2O7L. ****** >=8B>@8=3 (@>A;CH820=85 =0 0:CAB8:5 :>=B@>;L=>9 :><=0BK) -B0 A5:F8O 8<55BAO B>;L:> 2 ABC489=K9 ?C;LB0E. =0 ?@54=07=0G5=0 4;O B>3>, GB>1K 8<5BL 2>7<>6=>ABL ?5@5:;NG5=8O (4;O ?@>A;CH820=8O) <564C B5<, GB> ?>ABC?05B =0 2E>4 <03=8B>D>=0, 8 B5<, GB> ?>ABC?05B =0 53> 2KE>4. >=8B>@ 8<55B AB5@5>2KE>4. = ?>4:;NG5= : CA8;8B5;N 2 0??0@0B=>9 8 48=0<8:0<. -B> ?>72>;O5B ?@>A;CH820BL A83=0;K, =5 B@>30O 2KE>4K <03=8B>D>=0. 0?@8<5@, ?@8 =060B88 =0 :=>?:C PFL 8;8 Solo 2 :0=0;5, A83=0; 87 =53> ?>ABC?05B =0 2KE>4 <>=8B>@0, 0 2A5 >AB0;L=K5 A83=0;K 703;CH0NBAO. -B> ?>72>;O5B >F5=820BL A83=0; 87>;8@>20==> >B >AB0;L=KE. !CI5AB2C5B 420 >A=>2=KE B8?0 <>=8B>@8=30: "in-line" 8 "split". >;LH8=AB2> 8725AB=KE <8:H5@=KE :>=A>;59 ?>;=>ABLN @0745;5=K ("split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in-line" @CG:8 C@>2=O <>=8B>@0, ?0=>@0<K 8 ?>AK;>2 =0 MDD5:BK >1KG=> @0A?>;>65=K 2> 2E>4=KE :0=0;0E. <55BAO ?5@5:;NG0B5;L 2K1>@0 ?@>A;CH820=8O A83=0;>2 2 :0=0;0E 8;8 A 2KE>4>2 <03=8B>D>=0. "0:>5 CAB@>9AB2> ?C;LB0 ?>72>;O5B 4>18BLAO 1>;KK59 381:>AB8 2 @01>B5, ?>A:>;L:C 745AL 2>7<>6=> <5=OBL C@>25=L <>=8B>@0 2 :064>< :0=0;5 (2 ?C;LB0E "split" MB> >1KG=> <>6=> 45;0BL B>;L:> A 3@C??>9 A83=0;>2). 5A<>B@O =0 MB>, @01>B0 =0 :>=A>;8 "in-line" A?5@20 <>65B ?>:070BLAO =5?@>ABK< 45;><, 2 >A=>2=>< 87-70 ?>;>65=8O @CG5: <>=8B>@8=30. >A:>;L:C >=8 @0A?>;>65=K =0 2E>4=>< :0=0;5, B> 2>7=8:05B ?A8E>;>38G5A:0O A2O7L <564C @CG:0<8 C?@02;5=8O :0=0;0 8 <>=8B>@0. -B0 A2O7L 40;5:> =5 2A5340 ACI5AB2C5B 2 459AB28B5;L=>AB8. 0?@8<5@, 2 :0=0;K 1, 2, 3 8 4 ?>ABC?0NB A83=0;K A <8:@>D>=>2 >B C40@=>9 CAB0=>2:8, ?@8G5< 2A5 >=8 ?@8 ?><>I8 :=>?>: =0?@02;ONBAO =0 B@5: 8 <03=8B>D>=0. @8 ?5@5:;NG5=88 :=>?>: <>=8B>@0 2 ?>;>65=85 ":0=0;" ("channel"), A;KH=K, :0: 8 A;54>20;> >6840BL, A83=0;K A <8:@>D>=>2. A;8 65 B@51C5BAO CA;KH0BL A83=0;, 84CI89 A ;5=BK, B> =5 A;54C5B ?5@5:;NG0BL G5BK@5 :=>?:8 <>=8B>@8=30 2 ?>;>65=85 ";5=B0" ("tape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olo :>=:@5B=>3> :0=0;0 2 <>=8B>@0E 72CG8B A83=0; B>;L:> MB>3> :0=0;0. !CI5AB2C5B B0:65 4>?>;=8B5;L=0O 2>7<>6=>ABL B0:>3> 2:;NG5=8O <>=8B>@>2, ?@8 :>B>@>< >=8 "A;KH0B" A83=0;, ?>A;0==K9 =0 2KE>4 >A=>2=>3> AB5@5><8:A0 (?@02K9 8 ;52K9). -B> B5 2KE>4K, :>B>@K5 ?>4:;NG0NBAO : AB5@5> <0AB5@-<03=8B>D>=C. "@51C5BAO ?@>A;CH820=85 B>3>, GB> 845B =5?>A@54AB25==> =0 ;5=BC. A;8 2K @01>B05B5 2 B0:>< @568<5, B> ?@8 =060B88 =0 :=>?:C PFL (Solo) A83=0; (>B45;L=>3> :0=0;0) 1C45B 72CG0BL 2 <>=8B>@0E 87>;8@>20==>, => =5 1C45B 2;8OBL =0 AB5@5> 2KE>4.  MB><C 65 >B=>A8BAO 2:;NG5=85 "two-track" (425 4>@>6:8), GB> ?>72>;O5B ?@>A;CH820BL 70?8AL A <0AB5@0 2 <>=8B>@0E. B0:, ACI5AB2CNB A;54CNI85 20@80=BK ?5@5:;NG5=8O A8AB5<K <>=8B>@8=30: @53C;OB>@K 2E>4=KE/2KE>4=KE A83=0;>2 <=>3>:0=0;L=>3> <03=8B>D>=0, 2KE>4 AB5@5><8:A0, 2KE>4 =0 <0AB5@-<03=8B>D>=.  ;N1>< 87 20@80=B>2 :=>?:0 PFL (Solo) 8<55B ?@8>@8B5B.  1>;LH8=AB25 ?C;LB>2 8<55BAO ?@54C?@5640NI0O ;0<?>G:0 <0AB5@0, ?>A:>;L:C ;53:> 701KBL > B><, GB> :=>?:0 PFL 1K;0 =060B0. 0<?>G:0 3>@8B, :>340 =060B0 :=>?:0 =060B0 2 >4=>< 8;8 =5A:>;L:8E :0=0;0E. KE>4 =0 <>=8B>@K 8<55B A2>9 A>1AB25==K9 @53C;OB>@ C@>2=O, 0 G0AB> B0:65 dim switch (?5@5:;NG0B5;L, ?>=860NI89 C@>25=L A83=0;0 =0 10 ?@>F5=B>2). -B> ?>72>;O5B, =0?@8<5@, >B25B8BL =0 B5;5D>==K9 72>=>: 8;8 ;CGH5 CA;KH0BL A51O, =5 87<5=OO ?>;>65=85 @CG:8 3@><:>AB8.  1>;LH8=AB25 =54>@>38E ?C;LB>2 A83=0;, ?>ABC?0NI89 2 =0CH=8:8, 845B 87 B>3> 65 8AB>G=8:0, GB> 8 2 <>=8B>@K, E>BO >1KG=> 4;O =8E ACI5AB2C5B >B45;L=K9 @53C;OB>@ 3@><:>AB8. =>?:0 Talkback -B0 :=>?:0 ?@54=07=0G5=0 4;O B>3>, GB>1K 72C:>@568AA5@, A84O 70 ?C;LB><, 8<5; 2>7<>6=>ABL 3>2>@8BL A <C7K:0=B0<8, =0E>4OI8<8AO 2 ABC488. 0: ?@028;>, 2 ?C;LB 2<>=B8@>20= <8:@>D>= 4;O MB>9 F5;8.  =5:>B>@KE ?C;LB0E =0 ?5@54=59 ?0=5;8 8<55BAO @07J5< 4;O ?>4:;NG5=8O <8:@>D>=0 =0 AB>9:5 (gooseneck). !83=0; A <8:@>D>=0 >1KG=> ?>ABC?05B 2 =0CH=8:8 <C7K:0=B>2 8;8 2 ?0@C =51>;LH8E <>=8B>@>2 2 ABC488. K205B, GB> ?@54CA<>B@5=0 2>7<>6=>ABL ?>4:;NG5=8O A83=0;0 A MB>3> <8:@>D>=0 : <03=8B>D>=C - GB>1K 70?8A0BL =0720=85 ?5A=8 ?@O<> ?> E>4C 70?8A8. =>?:0 Talkback 2:;NG05B <8:@>D>= B>;L:> 2 =060B>< ?>;>65=88. -B> A45;0=> A?5F80;L=>, ?>A:>;L:C 1>;LH8=AB2> 72C:>>?5@0B>@>2 8 72C:>@568AA5@>2 2@5<O >B 2@5<5=8 2KA:07K20NB A2>5 <=5=85 > :;85=B0E, 8 MB> =5 2A5340 1K205B 2 256;82>9 D>@<5. >=A>;8 B8?0 "in-line' #65 1K;> @0AA:070=> > <>=8B>@8=35 2 A8AB5<5 "in-line", => <=>385 ?C;LBK A:>=AB@C8@>20=K F5;8:>< MB>3> B8?0, a 7=0G8B, =0 =8E =5B ?>43@C?? 2KE>40 :0: B0:>2KE - B>;L:> <=>65AB2> 2E>4=KE :0=0;>2. >;L7>20B5;L @5H05B A0<, :0:85 87 MB8E :0=0;>2 1C4CB A;C68BL 2 :0G5AB25 2E>4=KE, 0 :0:85 - 2 :0G5AB25 ?>43@C??, B0: :0: >=8 845=B8G=K. C;LBK B8?0 "in-line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gain 2 AB>@>=C C25;8G5=8O). -B> 5I5 1>;LH5 CAC3C1;O5BAO B5<, GB> =0 =54>@>38E ABC48OE ?@54?>G8B0NB ?>;L7>20BLAO 48=0<8G5A:8<8 8 :0BCH5G=K<8 <8:@>D>=0<8, B0: :0: >=8 =54>@>3> AB>OB 8 ?@>ABK 2 >1@0I5=88.  =5AG0ABLN, C =8E =87:0O GC2AB28B5;L=>ABL, ?>MB><C ?@8 70?8A8 B8E8E 8=AB@C<5=B>2 (0:CAB8G5A:85 38B0@K, =0G8=0NI85 2>:0;8ABK) B@51C5BAO ?@8102;OBL C@>25=L ?@8 ?><>I8 @CG:8 "gain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pitch shifters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insert", 2K <>65B5 2K25AB8 8E =0 ?>;C=>@<0;87>20==CN ?0=5;L. -B> 871028B 20A >B =5>1E>48<>AB8 7018@0BLAO 2 704=NN ?0=5;L ?C;LB0 :064K9 @07, :>340 20< =5>1E>48<> ?>4:;NG8BL MDD5:B. A;8 2 3=5740E =5B 465:>2, B> A83=0; ?> A>548=8B5;L=>9 F5?>G:5 8 :>=B0:B0<  2>72@0I05BAO 2 <8:H5@A:89 ?C;LB. A;8 25@E=55 3=574> ?>4:;NG5=> :> 2E>4C MDD5:B0, 0 =86=55 - : 2KE>4C, B> :>=B0:B  >B:@K205BAO 8 2A5 A83=0;K ?@>E>4OB G5@57 MDD5:B, ?>A;5 G53> 2>72@0I0NBAO =0 ?C;LB.  25@E=5< @O4C 3=574 =5B ?5@5:;NG0NI8E :>=B0:B>2. -B> A45;0=> 70B5<, GB>1K >15A?5G8BL C4>1=K9 A?>A>1 @0745;5=8O A83=0;0. A;8 2AB028BL ?@>2>4 2 25@E=55 3=574>, F5?L =5 1C45B ?@5@20=0, 8 ?CBL A83=0;0 >AB0=5BAO =587<5==K<, => B5?5@L 8<55BAO @0745;5==0O ?>40G0, :>B>@CN <>6=> >1@01>B0BL 8 >B?@028BL >1@0B=> G5@57 A2>1>4=K9 :0=0;. @8<5@ ?@8<5=5=8O: @0745;8BL A83=0;, A45;0BL 2@5<5==CN 7045@6:C >4=>9 87 53> G0AB59 (A:065<, ?@8 ?><>I8 CAB@>9AB20 F8D@>2>9 7045@6:8), ?0=>@0<8@>20BL >1@01>B0==K9 A83=0; 2 >4=C G0ABL 0C48>:0@B8=:8, 0 =5>1@01>B0==K9 - 2 ?@>B82>?>;>6=CN. A;8 1K =5 8<5;>AL :><<CB0F8>==>9 ?0=5;8, B> ?@8H;>AL 1K 45;0BL MB> ?@8 ?><>I8 @0745;8B5;L=>9 :>@>1:8 8;8 @0745;8B5;L=>3> :015;O. -@3>=><8:0 @C3>5 >A=>2=>5 ?@8<5=5=85 :><<CB0F8>==>9 ?0=5;8 - A>1@0BL 2A5 2E>4K 8 2KE>4K 2 B0:>5 <5AB>, GB>1K >=8 2A5340 1K;8 ?>4 @C:0<8. >A:>;L:C 2KE>4K ?>AK;>2 =0 MDD5:BK 8 2>72@0B>2 A >1@01>B:8 <8:H5@A:>3> ?C;LB0 AB0=>2OBAO G0ABLN ?0=5;8, 45;05BAO 2>7<>6=K< ?>;CG8BL B0:CN :>=D83C@0F8N MDD5:B>2, :0:0O B@51C5BAO. ;O MB>3> =04> B>;L:> C1@0BL A>548=8B5;L=K9 ?@>2>4 <564C 3=5740<8 8 8A?>;L7>20BL 8E 2 :0G5AB25 =5=>@<0;87>20==KE A>548=8B5;59. (A;8 ?@>2>4 =5 1C45B C1@0=, ?>;CG8BAO, GB> 2A5 2E>4K 8 2KE>4K A>548=ONBAO <564C A>1>9, :>340 2 @07J5<0E =5B 465:>2. -B> <>65B ?>2@548BL 2A5 >1>@C4>20=85). !CI5AB2C5B 5I5 >48= A?>A>1 ?>4:;NG5=8O, :>B>@K9 4>AB0B>G=> ;53:> @50;87>20BL =0 ?@0:B8:5 4;O 1>;LH53> C4>1AB20 2 @01>B5. = :0A05BAO :;NG52>3> 2E>40 (key input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eek, 8 >?8A0==K9 A?>A>1 ?><>3 55 @5H8BL). C4LB5 2=8<0B5;L=K 8 =5 70B@038209B5 F5?8 7075<;5=8O, =5 ?>4:;NG09B5 :015;L : <5B0;;8G5A:8< G0ABO< 8;8 >A=>2=><C 7075<;5=8N. 8:>340 =5 ?>4:;NG09B5 A83=0;K A 3@><:>3>2>@8B5;59 2 :><<CB0F8>==CN ?0=5;L. 865 ?@82545= A?8A>: 2>7<>6=KE ?>4:;NG5=89 A >B<5B:>9, 4>;6=0 ;8 1KBL 2 :064>< :>=:@5B=>< A;CG05 =>@<0;87CNI0O F5?L. !83=0; >@<0;870F8O ">G:8 @07@K20 :0=0;>2 40 ">G:8 @07@K20 3@C?? 40 8=59=K5 2E>4K <8:H5@0 =5B 8=59=K5 2E>4K <=>3>:0=. <03=8B>D>=0 40 8=59=K5 2KE>4K <=>3>:0=. <03=8B>D>=0 40 8=. 2E. 42CE:0=. <03=8B>D>=0 40 8=. 2KE>4K 42CE:0=. <03=8B>D>=0 40 >AK;K =0 MDD5:BK A ?C;LB0 =5B >72@0BK A MDD5:B>2 =5B E>4K MDD5:B>2 =5B KE>4K MDD5:B>2 =5B ;NG52K5 2E>4K A<. >?8A0=85 !CI5AB2C5B E>@>H0O ?@0:B8:0 8A?>;L7>20BL >B45;L=CN :><<CB0F8>==CN ?0=5;L 4;O -A83=0;>2, A45;0==CN =0 >A=>25 ?OB8HBK@L:>2KE 3=574. "> 65 :0A05BAO >B:@K20NI8E 8<?C;LA>2 (gate pulses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eter J Baxandall). 3> M:20;0975@ ?@54CA<0B@820; >B45;L=CN @53C;OF8N =87:8E 8 2KA>:8E G0AB>B, ?@8G5< <>6=> 1K;> 45;0BL :0: CA8;5=85, B0: 8 >A;01;5=85. 53C;OB>@ >AB020;AO 2 A2>5< A@54=5< ?>;>65=88, 5A;8 M:20;870F88 =5 B@51>20;>AL. 0: M:20;0975@ 2=>A8B 87<5=5=8O 2 72CG0=85 A83=0;0?  >B;8G85 >B @CG5: 3@><:>AB8 8 GC2AB28B5;L=>AB8, :>B>@K5 ?@>AB> ?@8102;ONB 8;8 C18@0NB 25AL A83=0;, =5 70B@03820O 53> B>=0;L=>9 E0@0:B5@8AB8:8 (B> 5ABL 2A5 G0AB>BK, 8<5NI85AO 2> 2E>4=>< A83=0;5, CA8;820NBAO 8;8 >A;01;ONBAO 2 @02=>9 AB5?5=8, 8 B0:0O F5?L 8<55B @>2=CN G0AB>B=CN E0@0:B5@8AB8:C) - 2 >B;8G85 >B =8E M:20;0975@ CA8;8205B 8;8 >A;01;O5B >B45;L=K5 G0AB>BK 2 1>;LH59 AB5?5=8, G5< 4@C385. -:20;0975@ M:A5=40;0, =0?@8<5@, <>3 ?>4=OBL 8;8 >?CAB8BL C@>25=L 2KA>:8E G0AB>B, D0:B8G5A:8 =5 2=>AO =8:0:8E 87<5=5=89 2 =87:85. #@>25=L A:0B0 D8;LB@0 2K@0605BAO 2 45F815;0E =0 >:B02C.  >1@01>B:5 <C7K:0;L=KE A83=0;>2 ?@8<5=ONBAO M:20;0975@K A :@CB87=>9 A?040 1 4 =0 >:B02C 8 12 4 =0 >:B02C. ;O 2K@570=8O A25@E=87:8E 8 A25@E2KA>:8E G0AB>B ?@8<5=ONBAO D8;LB@K A 1>;LH59 :@CB87=>9 A?040 (24 4 =0 >:B02C, non-shelving). "0:85 D8;LB@K =07K20NBAO "hi-pass" 8 "low-pass". =8 8<5NBAO =0 1>;LH8=AB25 <8:H5@A:8E :>=A>;59, 0 B0:65 2 0??0@0BC@5 hi-fi. >;>A>2K5 D8;LB@K =8 B0:65 =07K20NBAO bell curve equialisers (4>A;>2=> - ":@820O 2 2845 :>;>:>;0") 8 @01>B0NB B>;L:> 2 >?@545;5==>9 ?>;>A5 G0AB>B. "0:8< >1@07><, G0AB>BK, ;560I85 2KH5 8;8 =865, >AB0NBAO =570B@>=CBK<8. A;8 @0745;8BL A@54=NN G0AB>BC :@82>9 =0 H8@8=C ?>;>AK, B> ?>;CG8< 25;8G8=C, =07K205<CN "". '5< 1>;LH5 55 7=0G5=85, B5< >AB@55 D8;LB@. !CI5AB2CNB D8;LB@K A 25;8G8=>9 Q, @02=>9 ?>;CB>=C. "0: :0: MB8 D8;LB@K 2;8ONB B>;L:> =0 >?@545;5==CN ?>;>AC G0AB>B, >=8 ?@8<5=ONBAO 4;O @53C;8@>20=8O A5@548=K G0AB>B=>3> 480?07>=0 (<>65B 8A?>;L7>20BLAO =5A:>;L:> D8;LB@>2).  ?@>AB>< M:20;0975@5 H8@8=0 ?>;>AK 8 A@54=OO G0AB>B0 >1KG=> 8<5NB D8:A8@>20==>9 7=0G5=85.  MB>< A;CG05 <>6=> 87<5=OBL B>;L:> 25;8G8=C CA8;5=8O 8;8 >A;01;5=8O A@54=59 G0AB>BK. 0 =5:>B>@KE :>=A>;OE 5ABL 2>7<>6=>ABL ?5@5:;NG5=8O E0@0:B5@8AB8:8 D8;LB@>2 =87:8E 8 2KA>:8E G0AB>B <564C ?;02=K< ?>4J5<></A?04>< 8 ?>;>A>2K< D8;LB@><. -B0 2>7<>6=>ABL 405B E>@>H85 @57C;LB0BK. 0?@8<5@, A@54=OO G0AB>B0 A5:F88 10A>2 @02=0 80 F, GB> ?>72>;O5B 4>1028BL 0B0:8 (<>I8) 10A-38B0@0< 8 10A-10@010=0<. 'B>1K A45;0BL MB>, =04> ?>4=OBL B>;L:> MBC G0AB>BC, 0 =5 ?>4=8<0BL 2A5 =87:85 G0AB>BK 2<5AB5. 1KG=> <0:A8<C< CA8;5=8O 8 >A;01;5=8O G0AB>B 2 <C7K:5 ;568B 2 ?@545;0E 12-15 4. 0;L=59H55 CA8;5=85 =0 2K1@0==>9 G0AB>B5 <>65B 2K720BL 8A:065=8O. =K<8 A;>20<8, 2 MB>< A;CG05 2>7<>6=>AB8 CA8;5=8O ?@52KAOB 2>7<>6=>AB8 0??0@0BC@K. 5:>B>@K5 @07@01>BG8:8 M:20;0975@>2 45;0NB 480?07>= >A;01;5=8O 1>;LH8<, G5< 480?07>= CA8;5=8O, B0: :0: 1>;LH>5 >A;01;5=85 =5 2K7K205B B0:8E ?@>1;5<. @0D8G5A:85 M:20;0975@K >6=> C?@02;OBL 2A5< G0AB>B=K< 480?07>=>< ?CB5< ?@8<5=5=8O =5A:>;L:8E ?>;>A>2KE D8;LB@>2, :>=AB@C:B82=> A>1@0==KE 2 >4=>< :>@?CA5. 064K9 87 MB8E D8;LB@>2 1C45B =0AB@>5= =0 >?@545;5==CN G0AB>BC.  MB>< 8 A>AB>8B >A=>20 3@0D8G5A:>3> M:20;0975@0. B45;L=K5 D8;LB@K @07<5I5=K (=0 @0AAB>O=88) ;81> 2 >:B02C, ;81> 2 ?>;->:B02K, ;81> 2 B@5BL >:B02K B0:8< >1@07><, GB>1K :>340 2A5 >=8 =0E>4OBAO 2 A>AB>O=88 CA8;5=8O (8;8 2A5 2 A>AB>O=88 >A;01;5=8O), G0AB>B=0O E0@0:B5@8AB8:0 1K;0 @>2=0O. (?5@5E;5AB ?> G0AB>B0<). 286:8 >1KG=> 8<5NB (>B<5B:C), :>B>@0O ?>72>;O5B ;53:> >?@545;8BL A@54=55 ?>;>65=85. "0:65 >1KG=> 2 :0G5AB25 D8;LB@>2 A0<KE 2KA>:8E 8 A0<KE =87:8E G0AB>B ?@8<5=ONBAO D8;LB@K ?;02=>3> =0@0AB0=8O 8 A?040. 80?07>= @53C;8@>2:8, :0: ?@028;>, >3@0=8G5= 15 4. -:20;0975@ 8<55B =0720=85 "3@0D8G5A:89" ?>B><C, GB> ?@8<5=5==K5 2 =5< 4286:>2K5 @53C;OB>@K (2<5AB> @CG5:) A2>8< ?>;>65=85< ?>:07K20NB G0AB>B=CN E0@0:B5@8AB8:C 2KE>4=>3> A83=0;0. 0@0<5B@8G5A:89 M:20;0975@ Sweep equalizer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parametric), B0: :0: 2A5 206=K5 ?0@0<5B@K 4>ABC?=K ?>;L7>20B5;N 4;O @53C;8@>2:8: C@>25=L CA8;5=8O/>A;01;5=8O, A@54=OO G0AB>B0, =0 :>B>@>9 ?@>8AE>48B @53C;8@>2:0, H8@8=0 ?>;>AK. &8D@>2K5 M:20;0975@K !CI5AB2C5B =5A:>;L:> F8D@>2KE M:20;0975@>2, 8 ?>:0 =5 CB8E A?>@ > B><, 459AB28B5;L=> ;8 8E B>=0;L=K5 :0G5AB20 (2>7<>6=>AB8 G0AB>B=>9 :>@@5:F88) 8;8 >B=>H5=85 A83=0;/HC< ;CGH5, G5< C 0=0;>3>2KE ?@81>@>2. "0: 8;8 8=0G5, => 2>7<>6=>AB8 F8D@>2KE M:20;0975@>2 <=>3> 1>;LH5, B0: :0: 2 =8E <>6=> <>45;8@>20BL E0@0:B5@8AB8:C D8;LB@>2 ?@8 ?><>I8 <0B5<0B8:8 (GB> =52>7<>6=> A45;0BL 2 0=0;>3>2>< ?@81>@5). 0;55. 81:>ABL F8D@>2>3> M:20;0975@0 >3@0=8G5=0 B>;L:> ?@>3@0<<=K< >15A?5G5=85<, B0: GB> 2>7<>6=> A>740BL (?> :@09=59 <5@5 2 B5>@88) >48= F8D@>2>9 M:20;0975@, :>B>@K9 1C45B ?>2B>@OBL 2 B>G=>AB8 2A5 8725AB=K5 M:20;0975@K, :>340-;81> A>740==K5. >7<>6=> B0:65 45;0BL :@CB87=C A?040 D8;LB@>2 >G5=L 1>;LH>9. #65 ACI5AB2CNB 8 H8@>:> ?@8<5=ONBAO (anti-aliasing filters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sweep equalizer), GB> 53> =86=OO A5:F8O 8;8 =86=OO A5@548=0 A@54=8E G0AB>B <>65B ?5@5AB@0820BLAO >B 100 4> 250 F. 0 <=>38E =54>@>38E ?C;LB0E MB0 >1;0ABL @53C;8@C5BAO >4=>9 @CG:>9 (G53> 1K205B =54>AB0B>G=>). >7<>6=>ABL @53C;8@>2:8 2 MB>9 >1;0AB8 G0AB>B 1K205B =5>1E>48<0, =0?@8<5@, 4;O :><?5=A0F88 "1>:>2>3> MDD5:B0" <8:@>D>=>2, :>B>@K5 ?>AB02;5=K 2?;>B=CN : 8=AB@C<5=B0< (2 >A>15==>AB8 MB> :0A05BAO 10@010=>2).  MB8E A;CG0OE >15@B>=K, ?@840NI85 72C:C 1>G:>20B>ABL, ?>O2;ONBAO :0: @07 2 >1;0AB8 =86=59 A5@548=K. >4:;NG5=85 0: ?@028;>, 8A?>;L7CNBAO M:20;0975@K, 2AB@>5==K5 2 <8:H5@A:89 ?C;LB. > 5A;8 5ABL =5>1E>48<>ABL ?>4:;NG8BL 2=5H=89 M:20;0975@, MB> <>6=> A45;0BL G5@57 B>G:C @07@K20 :0=0;0 8;8 3@C??K. 54:>, => 2A5 65 1K205B, GB> B@51C5BAO >1@01>B0BL M:20;0975@>< 25AL <8:A; B>340 20< ?>B@51C5BAO AB5@5>M:20;0975@. 3> A;54C5B ?>4:;NG8BL : B>G:0< @07@K20 3;02=>3> 2E>40 (main stereo insert points - 5A;8 B0:85 B>G:8 5ABL =0 ?C;LB5), 8;8 ?>4:;NG8BL <564C ?@02K< 8 ;52K< 3;02=K<8 2KE>40<8 ?C;LB0 8 42CE:0=0;L=K< ABC489=K< <03=8B>D>=>< (<0AB5@><). "0: :0: M:20;0975@ A:>@55 >B=>A8BAO : ?@>F5AA>@0<, =565;8 : MDD5:B0<, B> =5 A;54C5B 53> ?>4:;NG0BL G5@57 H8=K >1@01>B>:. ><=8B5, GB> 5A;8 20< =5 B@51C5BAO ?@>8725AB8 G0AB>B=CN :>@@5:F8N 2 :>=:@5B=>< :0=0;5, 2A5340 ;CGH5 =060BL :=>?:C "bypass" (5A;8 B0:0O 5ABL).  MB>< A;CG05 A83=0; =5 1C45B ?@>E>48BL G5@57 F5?L, G5@57 :>B>@CN =5 B@51C5BAO. -B> A>:@0I05B ?CBL A83=0;0, 0 7=0G8B, ?>72>;O5B 4>18BLAO 1>;LH59 G8AB>BK A83=0;0. >;LH8=AB2> A>2@5<5==KE ?C;LB>2 ?>AB@>5=K A CG5B>< B0:>3> ?>4E>40. @8<5=5=85 -:20;0975@K - =5>1E>48<0O G0ABL ;N1>9 ABC488, => ?><=8B5, GB> 2A5340 =04> AB0@0BLAO ?>;CG8BL <0:A8<0;L=> A>25@H5==K9 A83=0; >B 8AB>G=8:0.  MB>< A;CG05 2K 1C45B5 8A?>;L7>20BL M:20;0975@ 4;O B>3>, GB>1K A45;0BL 72C: 5I5 ;CGH5, 0 =5 70B5<, GB>1K @048:0;L=> 53> <5=OBL (5A;8 B>;L:> =5B >A>1>9 7040G8 A>740BL A>25@H5==> =5=0BC@0;L=>5 72CG0=85). A;8 2K E>B8B5 8<5BL 5AB5AB25==K9 72C: 8=AB@C<5=B>2, 2K =5 A<>65B5 MB>3> 4>18BLAO >4=8< M:20;0975@><, 5A;8 72C: >B 8AB>G=8:0 - ?;>E>9. @>I5 2A53> @01>B0BL A M:20;0975@0<8 M:A5=40;0 (D8;LB@0<8 ?;02=>3> A?040 8 ?>4J5<0). =8, 5A;8 <>6=> B0: 2K@078BLAO, 8<5NB >G5=L <O3:89 8 <C7K:0;L=K9 E0@0:B5@. 065 5A;8 : =8< 4>102;5=0 @CG:0 C?@02;5=8O A@54=8<8 G0AB>B0<8, @01>B0 2A5 @02=> ?@>8AE>48B ?>GB8 8=AB8=:B82=>. 0@0<5B@8G5A:85 8 sweep M:20;0975@K <5=55 ;53:8 2 >1@0I5=88. 0: ?@028;>, 5A;8 CAB0=>28BL sweep M:20;0975@ =0 <0:A8<C< CA8;5=8O 8 =0G0BL (?@>A<0B@820BL) G0AB>B=K9 480?07>=, 20< ;53:> 1C45B =09B8 BC >1;0ABL, :>B>@0O B@51C5B @53C;8@>2:8. 065 5A;8 2 :>=F5 :>=F>2 2K @5H8B5, GB> 745AL =04> >A;018BL, 0 =5 CA8;8BL. "0:>9 A?>A>1 @01>BK ?>72>;O5B ;53:> 845=B8D8F8@>20BL ?>AB>@>==85 HC<K 8;8 ?@872C:8, :>B>@K5 A;54C5B CAB@0=8BL. 094O MBC >1;0ABL, 20< ;53:> 1C45B =0 A;CE ?>4>1@0BL C@>25=L CA8;5=8O 8;8 >A;01;5=8O. @8 @01>B5 A ?0@0<5B@8G5A:8< M:20;0975@>< <>6=> 8A?>;L7>20BL MB>B 65 ?>4E>4, => ?@5645 =04> CAB0=>28BL 25;8G8=C Q 2 A@54=55 ?>;>65=85. >A;5 G53> <>6=> 87<5=OBL MBC 25;8G8=C, GB>1K 4>18BLAO B@51C5<>3> @57C;LB0B0. AB0B8, AB>8B 70<5B8BL, GB> G5;>25G5A:>5 CE> 3>@074> A8;L=55 @5038@C5B =0 CA8;5=85, G5< =0 >A;01;5=85. >MB><C, 5A;8 2K CAB0=>28B5 >G5=L 2KA>:>5 7=0G5=85 Q 8 4>1028B5 CA8;5=85, B> 8=AB@C<5=B 1C45B 72CG0BL =5?@8OB=>, 72C: 1C45B 2KE>;>I5=. > 5A;8 745AL ?@8<5=8BL >A;01;5=85, B> @57C;LB0B ?>;CG8BAO <O3:8<, E>@>H> 72CG0I8<. 7 MB>3> A;54C5B, GB> CA8;5=85 ?@8 2KA>:>< 7=0G5=88 Q 4>;6=> ?@8<5=OBLAO C<5@5==> (:@><5 B5E A;CG052, :>340 C<KH;5==> 4>AB8305BAO 8A:CAAB25==>5 72CG0=85 - =0?@8<5@, 8A:065==K9 "B5;5D>==K9" 3>;>A <>6=> ?>;CG8BL ?CB5< CA8;5=8O 2 >1;0AB8 1 :F). '0AB>BK, :>B>@K5 ?>;57=> ?><=8BL !5BL (?8B0=85) HC<8B =0 G0AB>B5 50 F (8 C<=>605BAO). ;O CAB@0=5=8O MB>3> =04> C1@0BL G0AB>BK 50 8 100 F ?@8 ?><>I8 ?0@0<5B@8G5A:>3> M:20;0975@0, H8@8=0 ?>;>AK :>B>@>3> 4>AB0B>G=> C7:0. ">340 MB> =5 ?>2;8O5B 70<5B=> =0 >1I89 72C:, => CAB@0=8B HC<K A5B8. @0D8G5A:89 M:20;0975@ (B@5BL >:B02K) B>65 ?@8<5=8< 2 MB>9 A8BC0F88, => >AB0;L=K<8 B8?0<8 M:20;0975@>2 ;CGH5 4;O MB>3> =5 ?>;L7>20BLAO, B0: :0: >=8 8<5NB A;8H:>< H8@>:CN (7>=C 2;8O=8O) 8 @53C;8@>2:0 <>65B A5@L57=> 87<5=8BL 72C: 6ac-38B0@K. 86=85 G0AB>BK 10A-38B0@K 8 10A-10@010=0 ;560B 2 >1;0AB8 40 F 8 <5=55. 'B>1K ?@840BL MB8< 72C:0< <>IL (0B0:C), @53C;8@C9B5 G0AB>BC 80 F. =>385 A>2@5<5==K5 <8:@>D>=K, @07@01>B0==K5 4;O 10A-10@010=0, 8<5NB =51>;LH>9 ?8: =0 MB>9 G0AB>B5, GB> ?>72>;O5B 4>18BLAO E>@>H53>, 3CAB>3> 72C:0. 86=OO G0AB>B0 M;5:B@>38B0@K - 80 F. ;O CAB@0=5=8O 1>G:>20B>AB8 =04> 2K@570BL G0AB>BC 200 F; 4;O CAB@0=5=8O =5?@8OB=>3> @57:>3> ?@872C:0 - >A;018BL 2 @09>=5 1 :F.  ;N1>< A;CG05, sweep M:20;0975@ =04> =0AB@0820BL =0 A;CE. 'B>1K 4>18BLAO 2KA>:>3> @57:>3> 72C:0, 8A?>;L7C9B5 D8;LB@ ?;02=>3> =0@0AB0=8O 8 A?040 (hi shelving control). >6=> B0:65 ?>M:A?5@8<5=B8@>20BL A bell equaliser (6 :F - 10 :F). 'B>1K "4>1028BL O4C", A45;0BL "60;OI8<" 72CG0=85 @>:-38B0@K, ?@>A<>B@8B5 >1;0ABL >B 1.5 :F 4> 4 :F, =0948B5 =C6=CN G0AB>BC 8 C18@09B5 55 4> B5E ?>@, ?>:0 0B0:0 =5 AB0=5B B0:>9, :0: =C6=>. A=>2=0O ?@>1;5<0 A 0:CAB8G5A:8<8 38B0@0<8, :0: ?@028;> A>AB>8B 2 B><, GB> >=8 72CG0B 1>G:>20B> (87-70 =5?>4E>4OI8E <8:@>D>=>2, ?>;>65=8O <8:@>D>=0, 0:CAB8G5A:8E E0@0:B5@8AB8: ?><5I5=8O - 8;8 ?@>AB> 87-70 B>3>, GB> 8=AB@C<5=B ?;>E>9). ;O 8A?@02;5=8O MB>3> =54>AB0B:0 <>6=> 8A?>;L7>20BL sweep equaliser: >1;0ABL "2@54=>9" G0AB>BK >1KG=> =0E>48BAO <564C 200 F 8 500 F; 55 =04> 2K@570BL. #A8;5=85 2 >1;0AB8 =86=59 A5@548=K A:>@55 2A53> A45;05B 72C: @57:8<, ?>MB><C 2A5340 ;CGH5 ?@8<5=OBL 25@E=89 D8;LB@ ?;02=>3> =0@0AB0=8O 8 A?040, 5A;8 B@51C5BAO ?@840BL 72C:C 38B0@K >A>1CN O@:>ABL. >:0; B0:65 70=8<05B 1>;LHCN G0ABL G0AB>B=>3> 480?07>=0, ?@8 MB>< >1;0ABL 2-4 :F @53C;8@C5BAO 4;O C;CGH5=8O 0@B8:C;OF88. !B@5<8B5AL ?> 2>7<>6=>AB8 871530BL 1>;LH>3> CA8;5=8O, B0: :0: 5AB5AB25==>5 72CG0=85 3>;>A0 <>65B 1KBL ?>B5@O=>. >;L7C9B5AL 25@E=8< D8;LB@>< ?;02=>3> A?040 8 =0@0AB0=8O 4;O ?@840=8O 3>;>AC O@:>AB8, 5A;8 =C6=>; bell equaliser 745AL 2@O4 ;8 ?@8<5=8<. ************************************************************************************************ -%! + ABC?;5=85 -:A09B5@K 8 M=E0=A5@K 8A?>;L7CNBAO 4;O B>3>, GB>1K 87<5=OBL B>=0;L=K5 :0G5AB20 72C:0. >, 2 >B;8G85 >B M:20;0975@0, :>B>@K9 ?@>AB> CA8;8205B 8;8 >A;01;O5B G0AB>BC, 8<5NICNAO 2 A83=0;5, M=E0=A5@K <>3CB A>74020BL =>2K5 30@<>=8:8. B:@KB85 1K;> A45;0=> 0<5@8:0=A:>9 :><?0=859 Aphex. =8 @07@01>B0;8 ?@81>@ ?>4 =0720=85< Aural Exciter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drive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bypass", GB> ?>72>;O5B =0?@O<CN A@02=8BL >1@01>B0==K9 A83=0; A =5>1@01>B0==K<. "0:65 5ABL @CG:0 "mix", :>B>@0O A<5H8205B =51>;LHCN ?>@F8N A83=0;0, >1>30I5==>3> 30@<>=8:0<8, A =5>1@01>B0==K< A83=0;><. -B> 4>;6=> ?@>8AE>48BL 2=CB@8 CAB@>9AB20 (0 =5 G5@57 ?5B;N ?>AK;0 =0 MDD5:B, :0: MB> >1KG=> 1K205B A B@048F8>==K<8 ?@>1>@0<8), B0: :0: 30@<>=8:8 4>;6=K 4>102;OBLAO : =5>1@01>B0==><C A83=0;C 2 ?@028;L=>9 D075. A;8 ?@>872>48BL 4>102;5=85 30@<>=8: =0 <8:H5@A:>< ?C;LB5, MB> <>65B ?@825AB8 : D07>2K< A42830< <564C A83=0;0<8 (GB> B>65 C?>B@51;O5BAO 2 =5:>B>@KE A;CG0OE).  4@C38E MDD5:B0E @CG:C "mix" <>6=> CAB0=>28BL 2 ?>;>65=85 "effect only" (B>;L:> >1@01>B0==K9 A83=0;), 2 M=E0=A5@5 MB>3> A45;0BL =5;L7O. >>1I5, M=E0=A5@ =5 <>65B AG8B0BLAO MDD5:B><, MB> A:>@55 ?@>F5AA>@, 8 >= 4>;65= ?>4:;NG0BLAO 2 ;8=8N A83=0;0 (G5@57 B>G:C @07@K20). #AB0=>2:0 ?0@0<5B@>2 >A;5 2:;NG5=8O 2 ;8=8N 8 ?>40G8 0C48>A83=0;0 =0 2E>4 M=E0=A5@0 =C6=> >B@53C;8@>20BL C@>25=L 2E>4=>3> A83=0;0 ?@8 ?><>I8 @CG:8 "drive" B0:, GB>1K 8=48:0B>@ ?>:07K20; <0:A8<C< B>;L:> 2 ?8:0E (<0;K9 10@010= 2 ?>?-<C7K:5). A;8 ?@81028BL C@>25=L <8:A0, B> <>6=> 1C45B A;KH0BL, :0: 2;8O5B @CG:0 D8;LB@0 =0 2KE>4 =>2KE 30@<>=8:. >340 ?>;>65=85 @CG:8 D8;LB@0 1C45B ?>4>1@0=>, C@>25=L <8:A0 <>6=> C<5=LH8BL.  MB>< A;CG05 2 A83=0; 1C45B ?>4<5H820BLAO B>;L:> =5>1E>48<>5 :>;8G5AB2> 30@<>=8:. A;8 2K >1@010BK205B5 AB5@5>A83=0;, >10 :0=0;0 4>;6=K 1KBL >B@53C;8@>20=K >48=0:>2>. @8 ?@028;L=>< 8A?>;L7>20=88 M=E0=A5@K <>3CB ?@840BL >:@0A:C ?@>D5AA8>=0;L=>AB8 4065 4><0H=8< 70?8AO<. 04> AB0@0BLAO 45;0BL MB> 2 <5@C, =5 ?5@53@C78BL 72CG0=85. '5;>25G5A:>5 CE> 1KAB@> ?@82K:05B : C@>2=N O@:>AB8 A83=0;0, ?>MB><C =5 C482;O9B5AL, GB> <C7K:0, >1@01>B0==0O ?@8 ?><>I8 M=E0=A5@0, 2G5@0 2 :>=F5 @01>G53> 4=O 72CG0;0 ?@52>AE>4=>, 0 A53>4=O =0CB@> 2K >1=0@C68;8, GB> 2 =59 A;8H:>< <=>3> E@8?>2 8;8 >=0 =52>7<>6=> O@:0O. >;57=> ?>G0I5 2K:;NG0BL M=E0=A5@ 87 ;8=88, GB>1K ;53G5 ?>GC2AB2>20BL ?5@A?5:B82C. CGH5 =5 2:;NG0BL 53> 2>>1I5 4> <><5=B0 D8=0;L=>3> A2545=8O. !;548B5 B0:65 70 HC<0<8 =0 704=5< ?;0=5 (background noise). -=E0=A5@ <>65B =5 B>;L:> 4>1028BL 1;5A: 8 >?@545;5==>ABL 20H59 <C7K:5, >= 45;05B MB> 8 A HC<0<8, ?>MB><C AB0@09B5AL, GB>1K A83=0;, :>B>@K9 845B =0 M=E0=A5@, 1K; <0:A8<0;L=> A2>1>45= >B HC<0. 5 45;09B5 1>;LH5 >1>30I5=8O A83=0;0, G5< =C6=>. C6=> 0::C@0B=> CAB0=02;820BL @CG:C G0AB>BK. G0AB>B0 =5 4>;6=0 1KBL A;8H:>< =87:>9 4;O B>3> B8?0 A83=0;0, :>B>@K9 ?>425@305BAO >1@01>B:5, 8=0G5 1C45B A;8H:>< <=>3> @57:8E 72C:>2 2 B5E A83=0;0E, :>B>@K5 8 157 B>3> 72CG0B 4>AB0B>G=> A8;L=>. =E0=A5@ ;CGH5 2A53> 8A?>;L7>20BL 4;O B>3>, GB>1K 4>1028BL =5<=>3> O@:>AB8 25@E=5<C :@0N.  >A>15==>AB8 =C6=> 1KBL >AB>@>6=K<, 5A;8 2 <8:A5 5ABL <=>3> 38B0@ A 8A:065==K< 72C:>< ("48AB>@H="). @8<5=5=85 A5340 5ABL 8A:CH5=85 ?@>?CAB8BL G5@57 M=E0=A5@ F5;K9 <8:A, GB>1K >= 7072CG0; 1>;55 682>. > MB> =5 2A5340 A;54C5B 45;0BL.  B5E A;CG0OE, :>340 <0AB5@-;5=B0 =5 A;8H:>< :0G5AB25==0, 8;8 2K A>18@05B5AL 45;0BL <=>3> :>?89 =0 :0AA5B0E, B>340 20< 459AB28B5;L=> =C6=> ?@8<5=8BL M=E0=A5@ 4;O :><?5=A0F88 ?>B5@L 25@E=8E G0AB>B. > 5A;8 B0:8E ?@>1;5< =5B 8 20H <8:A 72CG8B E>@>H>, B> =5 A;54C5B 4>102;OBL M=E0=A5@: 2K <0;> GB> 2K83@05B5, =0?@>B82, 1C45B A;KH=> =5:>B>@>5 =0?@O65=85. -=E0=A5@ <>65B 1KBL ?@8<5=5= =0 MB0?5 <8:H8@>20=8O 4;O B>3>, GB>1K 4>1028BL 2 0C48>:0@B8=:C :>=B@0AB. A;8 2K A45;05B5 >4=8E 8=AB@C<5=B>2 1>;55 O@:8<, 0 >AB0;L=K5 >AB028B5 =5>1@01>B0==K<8, B> @57C;LB0B 1C45B 72CG0BL O@:> 8 682>, 0 20H8 CH8 =5 1C4CB CAB020BL B0: A:>@>. A;8 65 A45;0BL O@:8< 25AL <8:A, B> 8<<C=8B5B : O@:>AB8 @07>2L5BAO >G5=L 1KAB@>. !=0G0;0 =C6=> >1>30B8BL 30@<>=8:0<8 72CG0=85 B0@5;>: (8 4065 2A59 C40@=>9 CAB0=>2:8), ?>B>< 0:CAB8G5A:>9 38B0@K 8, :>=5G=> 65, 2>:0;0. -B> <>6=> A45;0BL ?CB5< A>740=8O AB5@5>?>43@C??K (A>1@0BL 2 =55 2A5 B@5:8, B@51CNI85 2<5H0B5;LAB20 M=E0=A5@0), 8 2 @07@K2 ?>43@C??K 2:;NG8BL ?@>F5AA>@.  MB>< A;CG05 4065 70?8AL, A45;0==0O =5 A0<K<8 ;CGH8<8 <8:@>D>=0<8, 7072CG8B 2?5G0B;ONI5, >?@545;5==>, 8 2>:0; AB0=5B 1>;55 1;87:8< 8 8=B8<=K<. >6=> B0:65 8A?>;L7>20BL M=E0=A5@, GB>1K >6828BL 8 A45;0BL 1>;55 OA=K< 72CG0=85 A8=B570B>@>2 8 AM<?;5@>2, :>B>@K5 =5 8<5NB 4>AB0B>G=>9 ?>;>AK. 0?@8<5@, AB@8=3A 7072CG0B A>2A5< ?>-4@C3><C, A =>2>9 3;C18=>9. A;8 2K :>340^81> @01>B0;8 A ?80=8=> Fender Rhodes, 2K >1=0@C68B5, GB> M=E0=A5@ ?@8405B 5<C 0B0:C, :>B>@>9 5<C 2A5340 =5 E20B0;>. !8=B578@>20==K5 8 =0AB>OI85 4CE>2K5 8=AB@C<5=BK B0:65 <>3CB 1KBL >1@01>B0=K A ?><>ILN M=E0=A5@0: MB> ?@840AB 8< @57:CN 0B0:C, :>B>@0O 1K205B B>;L:> C E>@>H> 70?8A0==>9 682>9 4CE>2>9 A5:F88. 0: 8 2 A;CG0OE A 4@C38<8 ?@>F5AA>@0<8 A83=0;>2, M:A?5@8<5=B - ;CGH55, GB> 2K <>65B5 A45;0BL. 0A-10@010= 8 <0;K9 10@010=, 2 72CG0=88 :>B>@KE =5 E20B05B I5;G:0, <>3CB 2K83@0BL >B ?@8<5=5=8O M=E0=A5@0, :>B>@KE C?;>B=8B 72C:. <5==> 745AL 2K <>65B5 CAB0=>28BL =87:CN 3@0=8FC 4;O D8;LB@0.  >A>15==>AB8 E>@>H89 MDD5:B 2>7=8:05B ?@8 >1@01>B:5 <0;>3> 10@010=0. @><5 >?8A0==KE A;CG052 ?@840=8O 682>AB8 E>@>H8< 70?8AO<, M=E0=A5@ G0AB> C?>B@51;O5BAO 4;O C;CGH5=8O 72CG0=8O AB0@KE <0AB5@-;5=B 8 ?@>AB> ?;>E8E 70?8A59. ;O MB>3> >= AB028BAO ?>A;5 48=0<8G5A:>3> HC<>?>4028B5;O (dynamic noise filter) 8 2>AAB0=02;8205B ?>B5@8 25@E=8E G0AB>B, :>B>@K5 2>7=8:0NB 2 ?@>F5AA5 @01>BK D8;LB@0 8;8 87-70 2>7@0AB0 ;5=BK. 07=>284=>AB8 M=E0=A5@>2 !CI5AB2CNB M=E0=A5@K, :>B>@K5 ?@O<> =5 4>102;ONB =>2KE 30@<>=8:, => ?@>2>4OB 48=0<8G5A:>5 2K@02=820=85 8 A4283 D07K A83=0;0. 0 ?@0:B8:5 MB> >7=0G05B, GB> 2 A83=0; 4>102;ONBAO CA8;5==K5 25@E=85 G0AB>BK. !4283 D07K >1CA;02;8205B B>, GB> AC1J5:B82=>5 2>A?@8OB85 @01>BK B0:>3> CAB@>9AB20 =8G5< =5 >B;8G05BAO >B @57C;LB0B>2 >1@01>B:8 ?@82KG=>3> M=E0=A5@0. 4=> ?@58<CI5AB2> MB>9 A8AB5<K A>AB>8B 2 B><, GB> :>340 =0 2E>45 =5B A83=0;0 8;8 >= A;8H:>< <0;, B> =8:0:>9 >1@01>B:8 =5 ?@>8AE>48B, 0 AB0;> 1KBL, HC< 2 B8E8E ?0AA060E 8 ?0C70E =5 CA8;8205BAO. *******************************************  !! +  " + !>2@5<5==0O ?>?-<C7K:0 70?8AK205BAO A> AB@>38< :>=B@>;5< =04 48=0<8:>9 8=AB@C<5=B>2 8 2>:0;0. >4 48=0<8:>9 ?>4@07C<5205BAO @07=8F0 <564C A0<K< B8E8< 8 A0<K< 3@><:8< 72C:>< 8=AB@C<5=B0, 3>;>A0 8;8 2A59 ?5A=8. 8B<-A5:F8O 83@05B 1>;LHCN @>;L 2 A>2@5<5==>9 <C7K:5. > ?>A;CH09B5 10@010=K 2 ;N1>9 ?>?-?5A=5: =5 ?@0240 ;8, 8E C@>25=L ?>GB8 >48=0:>2 =0 ?@>BO65=88 2A59 :><?>78F88, =5B =8:0:8E ?>;CB>=>2. <5==> ?>MB><C 8=>340 B@C4=> >B;8G8BL 2 70?8A8 72C: @8B<-<0H8=K >B =0AB>OI8E C40@=KE, A8=B578@>20==K9 10A >B "682>9" 10A-38B0@K. "0:>9 ?>4E>4 : @8B<-A5:F88 2 A2>N >G5@54L 48:BC5B CA;>28O >AB0;L=K< 8=AB@C<5=B0<. A;8 2 48=0<8:5 4>;6=K 1KBL ?>;CB>=0, >=8 A>740NBAO 2 <8:A5 ?CB5< "?@ A20;820=8O" 8;8 "2KB0A:820=8O" 8=AB@C<5=B>2, 0 10;0=A 8=AB@C<5=B>2:8 =5 87<5=O5BAO. A;8 ?>A;CH0BL ?5A=8, >1KG=> =5 ?>?040NI85 2 ">@ 40, B> 8=>340 <>6=> =09B8 1>;55 5AB5AB25==>5 72CG0=85. 1KG=> ?5@540BL ?>;=K9 48=0<8G5A:89 480?07>= C405BAO B5< <C7K:0=B0<, :>B>@K5 ?>=O;8 2>7<>6=>AB8 :><?0:B-48A:0 8 AC<5;8 C?>B@518BL 8E =0 1;03> A2>59 <C7K:8. > 8 745AL 2@O4 ;8 5ABL =0AB>OI0O, 8AB8==0O 48=0<8:0 (5A;8 MB>, :>=5G=>, =5 70?8AL D>;:-<C7K:8 8;8 >@:5AB@0, 2K?>;=5==0O =0AB>OI8< ?C@8AB><). 065 =>259H0O F8D@>20O 70?8AL =5 2 A>AB>O=88 ?5@540BL ?>;=>9 48=0<8:8, :>B>@CN 2>A?@8=8<05B G5;>25G5A:>5 CE>. >MB><C 4;O ?@0:B8G5A:8E F5;59 ?@8 70?8A8 2A5340 ?@8<5=OB 4>;N :><?@5AA88 (A60B85 48=0<8G5A:>3> 480?07>=0). ><?@5AA8O 2A5340 8A?>;L7C5BAO ?@8 70?8A8 2>:0;0. 5>?KB=K9 2>:0;8AB >1KG=> ?>5B A 1>;LH8<8 ?5@5?040<8 2 48=0<8:5, 2 @57C;LB0B5 =5:>B>@K5 A;>20 B>=CB 2 >1I5< 72CG0=88 <C7K:8, 0 4@C385, =0>1>@>B, A;KH=K A;8H:>< 3@><:>. 8B<-<0H8=K 8 A8=B570B>@K, =0?@>B82, 8<5NB @>2=CN 48=0<8:C, 8 :><?@5AA8O ?> >B=>H5=8N : =8< ?@8<5=O5BAO @54:>. 'B> :0A05BAO 682KE 8=AB@C<5=B>2, ?>=OB=>, GB> 2>7<>6=>ABL A60B8O 48=0<8G5A:>3> 480?07>=0 2 @53C;8@C5<KE ?@545;0E >G5=L 206=0. #?@02;5=85 CA8;5=85< > ?>O2;5=8O :><?@5AA>@0 4;O @53C;8@>2:8 48=0<8G5A:>3> 480?07>=0 ?@8<5=O;AO A?>A>1 ?>4 =0720=85< "gain riding". 53C;8@>2:0 ?@>872>48;0AL 2@CG=CN. =65=5@ <8:H8@>20=8O 2A5 2@5<O 45@60; @C:C =0 D5945@5, ?KB0OAL ?@542>AE8B8BL 8 >B@53C;8@>20BL C@>25=L A;8H:>< 3@><:8E 8 A;8H:>< B8E8E <5AB 2 70?8A8. A;8 @53C;8@>2:0 ?@>872>48BAO >?KB=K< 8=65=5@><, :>B>@K9 E>@>H> 7=0:>< A 48=0<8:>9 70?8AK205<>9 <C7K:8, B>340 ?@>F5AA A60B8O 48=0<8G5A:>3> 480?07>=0 AB0=>28BAO >B=>A8B5;L=> ?@>ABK<. %>BO 8<5NBAO ?@>1;5<K. @>F5AA B@51C5B 157@0745;L=>3> 2=8<0=8O 8=65=5@0, 0 7=0G8B, >AB0;L=K5 0A?5:BK 70?8A8 >AB0=CBAO 2 B5=8. >MB><C 8=>340 4;O B0:>9 @01>BK ?@82;5:0NB GCBL ;8 =5 25AL HB0B ABC488, 2 >A>15==>AB8 :>340 70?8AK20NBAO A@07C =5A:>;L:> 3>;>A>2 8 8=AB@C<5=B>2, 48=0<8:>9 :>B>@K9 B@51C5BAO C?@02;OBL 8=48284C0;L=>.  B><C 65 ACI5AB2C5B G5;>25G5A:89 D0:B>@. '5;>25: =5 <>65B @5038@>20BL <><5=B0;L=> =0 @57:85 ?8:8 3@><:>AB8. >MB><C @53C;8@>2:0 G0AB> 1K205B 70?>740;>9. -;5:B@>==0O @53C;8@>2:0  AG0ABLN, C65 =0 ?5@2KE MB0?0E @0728B8O 72C:>70?8A8 ?>O28;AO M;5:B@>==K9 :><?@5AA>@. = @01>B05B ?> B>9 65 AE5<5, GB> 8 8=65=5@ 72C:>70?8A8, B> 5ABL ?>AB>O==> >BA;568205B A83=0; 8 @53C;8@C5B 53> 3@><:>ABL, => >= 45;05B MB> :C40 1>;55 1KAB@> 8 B>G=>. <5AB> @C:8, 42830NI59 D5945@, 8<5NBAO CA8;8B5;8, C?@02;O5<K5 =0?@O65=85< (VCA, voltage controlled amplifiers). "0:65 2>7<>6=> ?@>872>48BL MBC >?5@0F8N F8D@>2K< A?>A>1><.  7028A8<>AB8 >B :>=AB@C:F88, :><?@5AA>@ <>65B C<5=LH0BL C@>25=L 3@><:8E A83=0;>2, C25;8G820BL C@>25=L B8E8E A83=0;>2 8;8 45;0BL 8 B>, 8 4@C3>5 A@07C. >;LH8=AB2> :><?@5AA>@>2 @01>B0NB ?> A8AB5<5 "B>G:0 ?5@53810" - B> 5ABL A83=0;K, 8<5NI85 C@>25=L =865 :>=:@5B=>9 B>G:8, =5 ?>425@30NBAO :><?@5AA88. ">G:0 CAB0=02;8205BAO @53C;OB>@>< "threshold"; <><5=B, :>340 A83=0; ?@52KH05B CAB0=>2;5==K9 C@>25=L, >B>1@0605BAO =0 8=48:0B>@0E. KH5 MB>3> C@>2=O ?@>8AE>48B C<5=LH5=85 CA8;5=8O A83=0;0. 5;8G8=0 :><?@5AA88 CAB0=02;8205BAO @53C;OB>@>< "ratio" ("A>>B=>H5=85"). 7<5=O5BAO 2E>4=>9 A83=0;, 8 MB> 2K7K205B 87<5=5=85 A83=0;0 =0 2KE>45. B=>H5=85 :><?@5AA88 2:1 >7=0G05B, GB> 87<5=5=85 C@>2=O 2E>4=>3> A83=0;0 =0 2 4 2K7>25B 87<5=5=85 C@>2=O 2KE>4=>3> A83=0;0 B>;L:> =0 1 4. 0 ?@0:B8:5 8<5==> B0:>5 >B=>H5=85 ?@8<5=O5BAO 4;O 1>;LH8=AB20 A;CG052, E>BO 8=>340 ?@8E>48BAO CAB0=02;820BL 1>;55 2KA>:85 25;8G8=K :><?@5AA8>==>3> >B=>H5=8O. A;8 >=> CAB0=>2;5=>, A:065<, 2 ?@>?>@F88 20:1 8 1>;LH5, B> ?>;CG05BAO @568< >3@0=8G5=8O. -B> 7=0G8B, GB> 5A;8 =0 2E>45 ?>O2;O5BAO A83=0;, ?@52KH0NI89 CAB0=>2;5==K9 C@>25=L, B> A83=0; =0 2KE>45 ?@0:B8G5A:8 =5 1C45B CA8;5=. =>385 :><?@5AA>@K 8<5NB 2>7<>6=>ABL @53C;8@>2:8 25;8G8=K :><?@5AA8>==>3> >B=>H5=8O 2 4>AB0B>G=> 1>;LH8E ?@545;0E 8 <>3CB A;C68BL 2 :0G5AB25 >3@0=8G8B5;59 (;8<8B5@>2). BAN40 42>9=>5 =0720=85 - ":><?@5AA>@/;8<8B5@". 1A>;NB=>5 >3@0=8G5=85 4>;6=> 8<5BL >B=>H5=85 "15A:>=5G=>ABL:1", => =0 ?@0:B8:5 25;8G8=K >B=>H5=89 1>;LH5, G5< 20:1, ?@>872>4OB B0:>9 65 MDD5:B. @8G8=K, ?> :>B>@K< ?@8<5=ONB >3@0=8G5=85, >B;8G0NBAO >B B5E, GB> B@51CNB :><?@5AA88. >;LH>5 >3@0=8G5=85 ;53:> >?@545;O5BAO =0 A;CE. ">;L:> 2 B5E A;CG0OE, :>340 A83=0; 2>>1I5 =5 4>;65= ?@52KH0BL >?@545;5==K9 C@>25=L, ?@8<5=ONB ;8<8B5@. 0?@8<5@, MB> 45;05BAO 4;O 70I8BK @048>?5@540BG8:0, B0: :0: A25@E1>;LH85 <>4C;OF88 2K7K20NB @07@CH8B5;L=K5 ?>A;54AB28O. "0:65 >3@0=8G5=85 ?@8<5=O5BAO 2 F8D@>2>< <03=8B>D>=5, B0: :0: 2 =5< =5B C@>2=O 2KH5 " VU".  :>=F5@B=>9 @01>B5 B0:65 ?@8<5=ONBAO ;8<8B5@K - 4;O ?@54>B2@0I5=8O B0:>3> @568<0 @01>BK CA8;8B5;59 <>I=>AB8, :>340 30@<>=8:8, 8<8 A>740205<K5, <>3CB @07@CH8BL 2KA>:>G0AB>B=K5 48=0<8:8. 8<8B5@ 4>;65= @5038@>20BL =0 87<5=5=85 C@>2=O 1KAB@55, G5< :><?@5AA>@. =K<8 A;>20<8, 2@5<O 0B0:8 4>;6=> 1KBL <5=LH5.  A8BC0F8OE, :>340 B@51C5BAO ?>;CG8BL 01A>;NB=>5 >3@0=8G5=85, ?@8<5=O5BAO ;8<8B5@ A F5?LN >BA5:0=8O (clipping circuit), :>B>@0O CA?5205B >AB0=>28BL ?8:8, A;8H:>< :@0B:85 4065 4;O ;8<8B5@0. Clipper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release time - 2@5<O, 70 :>B>@>5 :><?@5AA>@ 2>72@0I05BAO 2 A>AB>O=85 >1KG=>3> CA8;5=8O ?>A;5 B>3>, :0: A83=0; C?0; =865 C@>2=O B>G:8 ?5@53810). ><?@5AA>@ C<5=LH05B C@>25=L ;N1>3> A83=0;0, :>B>@K5 2KH5 C@>2=O B>G:8 ?5@53810. A;54AB285 MB>3> 2KE>4=>9 A83=0; <5=LH5, G5< B>B, GB> ?>ABC?8; =0 2E>4. ;O B>3>, GB>1K A45;0BL MB> C@>25=L 4>AB0B>G=K<, 22545=0 AB048O 2>AAB0=>2;5=8O. ABL 8=48:0B>@, ?>:07K20NI89 :>;8G5AB2> :><?@5AA88 2 ;N1>9 <><5=B 2@5<5=8.  1>;55 A;>6=KE :><?@5AA>@0E <>3CB 1KBL 8=48:0B>@K 4;O 2E>4=KE 8 2KE>4=KE A83=0;>2. @5<O 0B0:8 8 70BCE0=8O 7028A8B >B <C7K:0;L=>3> <0B5@80;0, ?>MB><C 8E <>6=> 87<5=OBL. 0?@8<5@, <>I=K9 10A-10@010= 2 ?>;=>9 0C48>:0@B8=:5 (<8:A5) 2K7>25B :><?@5AA8N 2A53>, GB> 8<55BAO; 2 @57C;LB0B5 2A5 25@E=85 G0AB>BK, B8E85 72C:8 (=0?@8<5@, E09-EMB) B>65 1C4CB 72CG0BL B8H5. -B> A45;05B 72CG0=85 <C7K:8 3;CE8<, =5@071>@G82K<. 'B>1K 871560BL MB>3>, =04> =5<=>3> C25;8G8BL 2@5<O 0B0:8, GB>1K :><?@5AA>@ =5 CA?520; A@01>B0BL <><5=B0;L=>. = ?@>?CAB8B =0G0;> A83=0;0 (2:;NG0O 0B0:C E09-EMB0), =5 C<5=LH0O 53> C@>2=O, ?>A;5 G53> =0ABC?8B :><?@5AA8O; MB> ?@840AB 72C:C M=5@38N. "0:>9 A?>A>1 G0AB> ?@8<5=O5BAO ?@8 70?8A8 10A-10@010=>2 8 10A-38B0@: =0G0;L=0O 0B0:0 4>;6=0 ?@>E>48BL 157 >A;01;5=8O. -B> 7=0G8B, GB> A83=0; =0 :>@>B:>5 2@5<O 2A5 65 ?@52KH05B CAB0=>2;5==K9 C@>25=L, => ?5@53@C7:8 8 8A:065=8O =5 70<5B=K =0 A;CE. @8 @01>B5 A F8D@>2K<8 <03=8B>D>=0<8 8 2 4@C38E A;CG0OE, :>340 B@51C5BAO, GB>1K ?5@53@C7>: =5 1K;>, =0 ?CB8 A83=0;0 AB02OB >B45;L=K9 ;8<8B5@, :>B>@K9 >BA;568205B ?8:8. G5=L 206=> ?@028;L=> CAB0=>28BL 2@5<O 2>AAB0=>2;5=8O. A;8 >=> A;8H:>< :>@>B:>, B> 1C45B A;KH=>, :0: A@010BK205B :><?@5AA>@ (?>A;CH09B5 @0==85 A8=3;K 3@C??K The Who 8 >1@0B8B5 2=8<0=85 =0 72CG0=85 B0@5;>:).  =0>1>@>B: 5A;8 2@5<O 2>AAB0=>2;5=8O A;8H:>< 1>;LH>5, :><?@5AA>@ <>65B =5 CA?5BL 25@=CBLAO 2 =>@<0;L=>5 A>AB>O=85 4> B>3>, :0: A;54CNI89 B8E89 A83=0; ?>O28BAO =0 53> 2E>45, 8 MB>B A83=0; 1C45B "?>460B" 1>;LH5, G5< B@51C5BAO. @C30O ?@>1;5<0 2>7=8:05B, 5A;8 2@5<O 0B0:8 8 2@5<O 2>AAB0=>2;5=8O - A;8H:>< :>@>B:85.  MB>< A;CG05 =87:>G0AB>B=K5 72C:8 ?>425@30NBAO 8A:065=8N, B0: :0: ?@>8AE>48B :><?@5AA8@>20=85 =0 :064>< F8:;5 A83=0;0 (2<5AB> B>3>, GB>1K @53C;8@>20BL 0<?;8BC4C 2A59 >3810NI59). ;O ?@54>B2@0I5=8O MB>3> 2 =5:>B>@KE :><?@5AA>@0E 5ABL @53C;8@C5<>5 2@5<O >B?8@0=8O (2@5<O ?@>E>645=8O A83=0;0): :><?@5AA>@ =5 <>65B ?5@59B8 2 D07C 2>AAB0=>2;5=8O ?@5645, G5< 8AB5G5B 2@5<O >B?8@0=8O (>1KG=> - 50 <A; <>65B 1KBL 1>;LH5). Side-Chain !;54C5B >B<5B8BL, GB> ?>GB8 2A5 :><?@5AA>@K 8<5NB A2>9 E0@0:B5@=K9 72C:, 4065 5A;8 8E @01>B0 >A=>20=0 =0 >48=0:>2>< ?@8=F8?5. %0@0:B5@=>5 72CG0=85 :><?@5AA>@0 7028A8B >B B>3>, :0: @5038@C5B F5?L side-chain (C?@02;ONI0O F5?L) =0 87<5=5=85 C@>2=O 2E>4=>3> A83=0;0.  C?@02;ONI59 F5?8 2:;NG05BAO D8;LB@ 4;O 2K1>@0 G0AB>B, =0 :>B>@KE 4>;65= A@01>B0BL :><?@5AA>@. @8<5=5=85 D8;LB@0 >1CA;>2;5=> B5<, GB> G5;>25G5A:>5 CE> 2>A?@8=8<05B A83=0;K @07=>9 2KA>BK :0: A83=0;K A @07=K< C@>2=5<. #?@02;ONI0O F5?L <>65B 1KBL =0AB@>5=0 B0:8< >1@07><, GB> @5038@C5B =0 <0:A8<0;L=K5 (?8:>2K5) 7=0G5=8O A83=0;0 8;8 C?@02;O5B :><?@5AA859 ?> A@54=5<C 7=0G5=8N 87<5=5=8O C@>2=O 2E>4=>3> A83=0;0. -B> @07;8G85 B0:65 70<5B=> =0 A;CE. Side chain "A;CH05B" A83=0;, :>B>@K9 ?>425@305BAO :><?@5AA88. >:>20O F5?L <>65B 1KBL A>548=5=0 A B>G:>9 @07@K20 8;8 A :;NG52K< 2E>4>< (key input), GB>1K 8<5BL 2>7<>6=>ABL ?>4:;NG5=8O 4@C3>3> ?@>F5AA>@0 8;8 GB>1K ?>40BL A83=0; A 4@C3>3> 8AB>G=8:0. >ABC? : side chain 45;05BAO 4;O ?>4:;NG5=8O M:20;0975@0 8 4@C38E CAB@>9AB2 G5@57 @07J5< (?5@5<KG:C) =0 704=59 ?0=5;8. @8<5@K ?@8<5=5=8O: 4;O D8;LB@0F88 ?@8 ?><>I8 2=5H=53> M:20;0975@0 ?>4028BL 2A5 =87:85 G0AB>BK, ?>ABC?0NI85 =0 2E>4 side chain, :><?@5AA>@ 4>;65= @5038@>20BL B>;L:> =0 3@><:85 72C:8. "0: @01>B05B 45-MA5@ (CAB@0=O5B A28ABOI85 8 H8?OI85 A>3;0A=K5 2 2>:0;L=>9 ?0@B88). -:20;0975@ ?@>?CA:05B B>;L:> B5 G0AB>BK, GB> A>AB02;ONB A28AB 8 H8?5=85, B5< A0<K< C?@02;OO 2KE>4>< D8;LB@0. 0AB@>9:0 (2K1>@ G0AB8 0C48>-A?5:B@0, =0 :>B>@CN =04> ?>2;8OBL) ?@>872>48BAO =0 A;CE. 'B>1K MB> 1K;> ;53G5 45;0BL, 1>;LH8=AB2> :><?@5AA>@>2 (8 359B>2) 8<5NB ?5@5:;NG0B5;L side chain listen switch, ?>72>;ONI89 CA;KH0BL 2 <>=8B>@0E C?@02;ONI89 A83=0; 1>:>2>9 F5?8. Side chain B0:65 8A?>;L7C5BAO 4;O C?@02;5=8O :><?@5AA>@>< >B 4@C3>3> A83=0;0 (C@>25=L 2=5H=53> A83=0;0 1C45B 2;8OBL =0 AB5?5=L :><?@5AA88). 0?@8<5@, 0::><?0=5<5=B ?>ABC?05B =0 2E>4 :><?@5AA>@0, 0 2>:0; - =0 2E>4 side chain; B>340 C@>25=L 2>:0;0 1C45B 2;8OBL =0 C@>25=L 3@><:>AB8 0::><?0=5<5=B0, 8 3>;>A 1C45B E>@>H> A;KH5=.  B5E <5AB0E, 345 2>:0;L=0O ?0@B8O >BACBAB2C5B, C@>25=L 3@><:>AB8 0::><?0=5<5=B0 2>72@0I05BAO =0 8AE>4=CN 25;8G8=C. !:>@>ABL 2>72@0B0 @53C;8@C5BAO @CG:>9 "release time". -B0 B5E=8:0 G0AB> 8A?>;L7C5BAO 48A:-6>:5O<8 8 =07K205BAO "ducking". A;8 2K E>B8B5 ?@8<5=8BL 55 2 @01>B5, 20< ?>B@51C5BAO <8:H5@ A <8:@>D>==K< 2E>4><, 2KE>4=>9 A83=0; A :0=0;0 (8;8 87 B>G:8 @07@K20) ?>405BAO ?@O<> =0 2E>4 side chain :><?@5AA>@0. (E>4 side chain 1>;LH8=AB20 :><?@5AA>@>2 @01>B05B B>;L:> A ;8=59=K<8 A83=0;0<8, ?>MB><C A83=0; A <8:@>D>=0 4>;65= 1KBL CA8;5= ?5@54 B5<, :0: >= AB0=5B C?@02;ONI8< 4;O :><?@5AA>@0). Soft Knee >;LH8=AB2> :><?@5AA>@>2 @01>B05B ?> ?@8=F8?C B>G:8 ?5@53810. > ACI5AB2C5B 5I5 >48= B8?, :>B>@K9 B>65 ?>;CG8; @0A?@>AB@0=5=85. = @01>B05B =0 >A=>25 "soft knee", 8;8 "over-easy": :><?@5AA8O ?@8<5=O5BAO :> 2A5< A83=0;0< 2=5 7028A8<>AB8 >B 8E C@>2=O, => :><?@5AA8>==>5 >B=>H5=85 <0;> 4;O A;01KE A83=0;>2 8 02B><0B8G5A:8 C25;8G8205BAO A C25;8G5=85< C@>2=O. 0 ?5@54=59 ?0=5;8 B0:>3> :><?@5AA>@0 8<55BAO 2A53> >48= @53C;OB>@, CAB0=02;820NI89 C@>25=L :><?@5AA88. 53C;OB>@>2 2@5<5=8 0B0:8 8 2>AAB0=>2;5=8O <>65B =5 1KBL (7028A8B >B :>=:@5B=>9 <>45;8). !G8B05BAO, GB> MB>B B8? :><?@5AA>@0 8<55B 1>;55 <O3:89 72C:, G5< B>B, GB> @01>B05B A B>G:>9 ?5@53810.  B><C 65 >= ?@>I5 2 C?@02;5=88. AB@>5==K5 359BK >A:>;L:C :><?@5AA>@ =5 >B;8G05B ?>;57=K9 A83=0; A =87:8< C@>2=5< >B HC<>2 A B0:8< 65 C@>2=5<, B> >= 8<55B A2>9AB2> ?>4G5@:820BL MB8 HC<K, ?5@5E>4O 2 @568< <0:A8<0;L=>3> CA8;5=8O 2> 2@5<O B8E8E ?0AA0659 8;8 ?0C7 2 2>:0;L=>9 ?0@B88. ;O 1>@L1K A MB8< 2 A>2@5<5==KE :><?@5AA>@0E 2AB@>5=K ?@>ABK5 359BK 8;8 M:A?0=45@K, ?>72>;ONI85 703;CH0BL A83=0; 2 B0:85 <><5=BK. AB@>5==K9 359B >1KG=> 8<55B B>;L:> @53C;OB>@ B>G:8 ?5@53810 8 8=48:0B>@, ?>:07K20NI89, :>340 359B 70?5@B. @5<O 0B0:8 8 2>AAB0=>2;5=8O, :0: ?@028;>, 70?@>3@0<<8@>20=K (2> 2=CB@5==NN ?0<OBL (?@5A5BK)) 8;8 A2O70=K M;5:B@>==K< >1@07>< A 0=0;>38G=K<8 ?0@0<5B@0<8 :><?@5AA>@0. >;55 ?>;=>5 >?8A0=85 359B>2 8 A?>A>1>2 8E ?@8<5=5=8O 1C45B A45;0=> 2 A;54CNI59 3;025. 45AL B>;L:> =04> >B<5B8BL, GB> B>G:0 ?5@53810 359B0 4>;6=0 1KBL 2K1@0=0 4>AB0B>G=> =87:>9, GB>1K >B@570;AO B>;L:> HC<, 0 B8E85 <C7K:0;L=K5 ?0AA068 ?@>E>48;8 (=5 703;CH0;8AL). "0:0O CAB0=>2:0 8<55B 7=0G5=85 2 >A=>2=>< ?@8 @01>B5 A =5A:>;L:8<8 >B45;L=K<8 4>@>6:0<8 2=CB@8 <8:A0, :>340 >1I89 <8:A 8<55B ;8HL =5A:>;L:> <><5=B>2 ?>;=>9 B8H8=K, 2> 2@5<O :>B>@>9 :><?@5AA>@ 4>;65= @01>B0BL B0:, GB>1K 53> =5 1K;> A;KH=>. @8 :><?@5AA88 A83=0;>2, C65 70?8A0==KE =0 ;5=BC, 2>7=8:05B ?@>1;5<0 HC<0, B0: :0: :><?@5AA>@ ?>4=8<05B HC<K ;5=BK. >MB><C ?@8=OB> :><?@5AA8@>20BL 2>:0; ?@8 70?8A8, GB>1K ?>B>< 8<5BL 2>7<>6=>ABL @01>B0BL A 53> 48=0<8:>9. >6=> 4>1028BL :><?@5AA88 =0 MB0?5 <8:H8@>20=8O, => =04> CG8BK20BL HC<K ;5=BK. A=>2=>5 ?@028;> 745AL B0:>5: :064K9 45F815; :><?@5AA88 - MB> 45F815; CEC4H5=8O A83=0;0 4> C@>2=O HC<0. 0@80=BK :><?@5AA>@>2 5 2A5 :><?@5AA>@K @01>B0NB ?> >?8A0==><C <5B>4C, 8 @CG:8 C?@02;5=8O C =8E >B;8G0NBAO. ;LB5@=0B820 87<5=O5<>9 B>G:5 ?5@53810 - :><?@5AA>@ A D8:A8@>20==>9 B>G:>9, 87<5=O5BAO 2E>4=0O GC2AB28B5;L=>ABL. -DD5:B ?>;CG05BAO B0:>9 65, :0: 2 20@80=B5 A 87<5=O5<>9 B>G:>9 ?5@53810 8 ?>AB>O==K< (D8:A8@>20==K<) CA8;5=85< 2E>4=>3> A83=0;0 (@53C;OB>@ CA8;5=8O 2KE>4=>3> A83=0;0 4>;65= C?@02;OBL >1I8< CA8;5=85< A83=0;0 ?@8 ?@>E>645=88 G5@57 :><?@5AA>@). KH5 C65 1K;> A:070=>, ?>G5<C :><?@5AA>@ <>65B 45;0BL 72C: <5=55 >BG5B;82K< (70 AG5B >A;01;5=8O 2A53> A83=0;0 ?@8 :>@>B:8E ?8:0E >B45;L=KE 8=AB@C<5=B>2, ?@8 MB>< B5@ONBAO B8E85 A83=0;K A 2KA>:>G0AB>B=>9 A>AB02;ONI59). 'B>1K @5H8BL MBC ?@>1;5<C, =04> 8A?>;L7>20BL :><?@5AA>@, :>B>@K9 @0745;O5B G0AB>BK =0 =5A:>;L:> ?>;>A 8 :><?@5AA8@C5B 8E =57028A8<> 4@C3 >B 4@C30, 0 70B5< :><18=8@C5B 8E. "0:>9 :><?@5AA>@ AB>8B 4>@>65, 8 C?@02;5=85 8< A;>6=55, B0: :0: 4;O :064>9 ?>;>AK G0AB>B 4>;65= 1KBL CAB0=>2;5= A2>9 :><?@5AA>@. "0:65 4>;65= 1KBL 87>1@5B5= <5B>4, ?>72>;ONI89 <5=OBL 2@5<O 0B0:8 8 2>AAB0=>2;5=8O 4;O :064>9 ?>;>AK, GB>1K >=8 4>?>;=O;8 @C3 4@C30. 1KG=> B0:>9 :><?@5AA>@ AB>8B 2 G5BK@5-?OBL @07 4>@>65, => >= >A>1> E>@>H ?@8 >1@01>B:5 F5;>3> <8:A0. !>548=5=85 ><?@5AA>@K @07=>9 :>=AB@C:F88 <>3CB ?>445@6820BL 2 B5G5=85 4>;3>3> 2@5<5=8 A@54=89 C@>25=L A83=0;0, 0 B0:65 <>3CB :><?@5AA8@>20BL ?8:8 >1KG=K< A?>A>1><. !@548 =8E 5ABL B0:85, :>B>@K5 >?@545;ONB 2@5<O B8H8=K <564C 72C:0<8, 8 2 B5G5=85 MB>3> ?5@8>40 =5 ?@>872>4OB ?>4BO3820=8O HC<>2. -B8 B8?K :><?@5AA>@>2 AB>OB 4>@>65, G5< B5, 2 :>B>@KE ?@54CA<>B@5=> 70?8@0=85 A83=0;>2 A =87:8< C@>2=5< (2AB@>5= 359B), B0: :0: >=8 >15A?5G820NB 1>;55 B>=:89 ?>4E>4 : :><?@5AA8@>20=8N. "0:>9 :><?@5AA>@, : ?@8<5@C, <>65B ?@8<5=OBLAO 2 ;8=88 @048>?5@540BG8:0, >15A?5G820O ?>AB>O==K9 A@54=89 C@>25=L A83=0;0.  :>=AB@C:F8OE =54>@>38E :><?@5AA>@>2 2 ?>A;54=55 2@5<O AB0;8 CAB0=02;820BL 02B><0B8G5A:>5 2@5<O 0B0:8 8 2>AAB0=>2;5=8O.  :><?@5AA>@5 5ABL F5?L, 0=0;878@CNI0O 2E>4=>9 A83=0;. =0 87<5=O5B 2@5<O 0B0:8 8 2>AAB0=>2;5=8O 2 A>>B25BAB288 A ?0@0<5B@0<8 A83=0;0. "0:>9 :><?@5AA>@ ?@54?>GB8B5;5= 2 B5E A;CG0OE, :>340 2 48=0<8:5 ?@>8AE>4OB ?>AB>O==K5 87<5=5=8O, 8 D8:A8@>20==K5 CAB0=>2:8 =5 3>4OBAO. 0?@8<5@, ?@8 83@5 =0 10A-38B0@5 2 B5G5=85 B>;L:> >4=>9 ?5A=8 <>3CB 1KBL 8A?>;L7>20=K 2A5 B@8 B8?0 B5E=8:8 (A;M?, 83@0 ?0;LF0<8 8 <5480B>@><). A5 MB8 AB8;8 8A?>;=5=8O 8<5NB @07=CN 48=0<8:C, ?>MB><C 4;O :><?@5AA8@>20=8O B0:>9 ?0@B88 B@51C5BAO "381:89" ?@81>@. "> 65 :0A05BAO 2A53> <8:A0: 2@O4 ;8 : =5<C ?@8<5=8< :><?@5AA>@ A D8:A8@>20==>9 CAB0=>2:>9. ><?@5AA>@K 2A5340 2:;NG0NBAO 2 ;8=8N A83=0;0, G0AB> G5@57 B>G:C @07@K20 =0 ?C;LB5. / >B=>HC 8E : @07@O4C ?@>F5AA>@>2. E =5 A;54C5B ?>4:;NG0BL G5@57 ?>AK;K =0 MDD5:BK, B0: :0: MDD5:BK ?>4<5H820NB >1@01>B0==CN G0ABL A83=0;0 : =5>1@01>B0==><C; 2 A;CG05 A :><?@5AA>@>< >1@010BK205BAO 25AL A83=0;, 8 ?>4<5H820=8O =5 ?@>8AE>48B. "5E=8G5A:85 E0@0:B5@8AB8:8 ;8O=85 B5E=8G5A:8E ?0@0<5B@>2 ;N1>3> ?@>F5AA>@0 8;8 MDD5:B0 =0 72CG0=85 <C7K:8 7028A8B, 4;O :0:>9 :>=:@5B=>9 F5;8 >= ?@8<5=O5BAO. ><?@5AA>@ 4>;65= 8<5BL =87:89 C@>25=L HC<>2 8 8A:065=89, B0: :0: >= >1@010BK205B 25AL A83=0;. (8@8=0 ?>;>AK (bandwidth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threshold" >B;8G0NBAO ?> 72C:C >B :><?@5AA>@>2 B8?0 "soft knee" 8;8 "over-easy".  MB>< A<KA;5 :><?@5AA>@K ?>E>68 =0 <8:@>D>=K 8 3@><:>3>2>@8B5;8: B5E=8G5A:>5 >?8A0=85 3>2>@8B > =8E 40;5:> =5 2A5. ;O ?@028;L=>3> 2K1>@0 =C6=> A;CH0BL. > MB8< ?@8G8=0< =0 ABC48OE >1KG=> 1K205B =5A:>;L:> :><?@5AA>@>2 @07=KE B8?>2. !:065<, >1KG=K9 :><?@5AA>@ 8A?>;L7C5BAO 4;O ?@840=8O M=5@388 72CG0=8N >B45;L=KE 8=AB@C<5=B>2; ;0<?>2K9 - 4;O B>3>, GB>1K A45;0BL 2>:0; 1>;55 B5?;K<; <>45;L "soft knee" 8A?>;L7C5BAO 4;O >1I53> C?;>B=5=8O 72C:0, B0: :0: =5 87<5=O5B B>=0;L=K5 E0@0:B5@8AB8:8 (8;8 MB> =5 B0: 70<5B=>, :0: C 4@C38E :><?@5AA>@>2). =>3>?>;>A=K9 :><?@5AA>@ =04> ?@8<5=OBL 2 B5E A;CG0OE, :>340 845B A2545=85 8;8 <>=B06 (cutting). &8D@>2K5 :><?@5AA>@K <>3CB ?@54;>68BL 1>;55 B>=:89 ?>4E>4 : C?@02;5=8N 48=0<8:>9, => 4065 16-18B>2K9 :><?@5AA>@ ?>:0 =5 A@02=O;AO ?> ?@>G8< E0@0:B5@8AB8:0< A ;CGH8<8 <>45;O<8, C?@02;O5<K<8 =0?@O65=85< (VCA). "5 F8D@>2K5 :><?@5AA>@K, :>B>@K5 C65 8<5NBAO =0 @K=:5, O2;ONBAO :><18=0F859 2KA>:>:0G5AB25==KE VCA (2 ?CB8 A83=0;0) 8 8A?>;L7CNB F8D@>2CN >1@01>B:C 2 F5?8 side chain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threshold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soft knee". 8G=> O ?@54?>G8B0N 2B>@>9 B8?, B0: :0: >= ?>72>;O5B :><?@5AA8@>20BL A83=0; 2 4>AB0B>G=>9 AB5?5=8, => =5 45;05B 72CG0=85 3>;>A0 8A:CAAB25==K<. A;8 2K ?>;L7C5B5AL ?5@2K< B8?><, A;54C5B 4;O =0G0;0 CAB0=>28BL :><?@5AA8>==>5 >B=>H5=85 4:1 8 70B5< >B@53C;8@>20BL 53> 1>;55 B>G=> =0 A;CE. 1KG=> =5 B@51C5BAO ?>;CG8BL @57:>9 0B0:8 2 A;>20E. >MB><C 2@5<O 0B0:8 :><?@5AA>@0 4>;6=> 1KBL 1KAB@K< (:><?@5AA8O =0G8=05BAO A@07C). @5<O 2>AAB0=>2;5=8O 4;O =0G0;0 A;54C5B CAB0=>28BL 0,5 A; 2@5<O C45@60=8O (hold time) 4>;6=> 1KBL <0;> 8;8 @02=> =C;N. #@>25=L :><?@5AA88 7028A8B >B :>=:@5B=>3> 8A?>;=8B5;O. 0: 8 ?@8 @01>B5 A 4@C38<8 ?@>F5AA>@0<8 A83=0;>2, C@>25=L >1@01>B:8 (2 40==>< A;CG05 C@>25=L :><?@5AA88) 4>;65= 1KBL <8=8<0;5= ?@8 E>@>H5< @57C;LB0B5. ;O ?>?-2>:0;8AB>2 C@>25=L CAB0=02;8205BAO 2 ?@545;0E 10-15 4 =0 3@><:8E ?0AA060E; >?KB=K5 2>:0;8ABK >1KG=> =C640NBAO 2 <5=LH59 25;8G8=5 :><?@5AA88. A;8 =0 2>:0;L=>< B@5:5 =5B ;8H=8E A83=0;>2, B> <>6=> 8A?>;L7>20BL M:A?0=45@/359B, 2AB@>5==K9 2 :><?@5AA>@, GB>1K @0AG8AB8BL ?0C7C <564C A;>20<8 8 D@070<8 (2A5340 <>6=> ?>4:;NG8BL 2=5H=89 359B, 5A;8 2 20H5< :><?@5AA>@5 B0:>3> =5 8<55BAO). -B> 45;05BAO 70B5<, GB>1K :><?@5AA>@ =5 CA8;820; HC<K 2 ?0C70E, =5 45;0; 1>;55 A;KH8<K<8 72C:8 24>E0, >B:@K20=8O @B0, M;5:B@>==K9 "A28AB" 8 B.4., >A>15==> :>340 B@51C5BAO 1>;LH>9 C@>25=L :><?@5AA88. @8=OB> 70?8AK20BL 2>:0; A :><?@5AA859, => ;CGH5 53> ?@8 MB>< =54>:><?@5AA8@>20BL, G5< ?5@5:><?@5AA8@>20BL. A5340 <>6=> 4>1028BL :><?@5AA88 =0 MB0?5 A2545=8O, => 3>@074> B@C4=55 =0 MB>< MB0?5 CAB@0=OBL =54>G5BK, 2K720==K5 87;8H=59 :><?@5AA859 ?@8 70?8A8. A;8 C 2>:0;8AB0 5ABL ?@>1;5<K A H8?OI8<8, 8 A<5=0 <8:@>D>=0 8 53> ?>;>65=8O =5 ?@82>48B : 8A?@02;5=8N A8BC0F88, B>340 ?@8 A2545=88 AB>8B 8A?>;L7>20BL :><?@5AA>@ 2 @568<5 45-MA5@0. :;NG8B5 M:20;0975@ 2 side-chain 8 A45;09B5 CA8;5=85 G0AB>B 2 >1;0AB8 4-10 :F. -B> ?>72>;8B CAB@0=8BL H8?5=85 A>3;0A=KE. > =5 C2;5:09B5AL: =04> 45;0BL MB> B0:, GB>1K >=8 2A5 65 72CG0;8 5AB5AB25==>, 8=0G5 @57C;LB0B @01>BK 45-MA5@0 1C45B ;53:> >?@545;OBLAO =0 A;CE. >6=> ?>4>1@0BL B>G=CN G0AB>BC, 5A;8 ?5@5:;NG8BL side-chain 2 @568< "listen" (?@>A;CH820=85) 8 =0AB@0820BL M:20;0975@ 4> B5E ?>@, ?>:0 A>3;0A=0O =5 1C45B <0:A8<0;L=> A;KH=0. ;O MB8E F5;59 ?>4E>4OB M:20;0975@K B8?0 "sweep" 8 ?0@0<5B@8G5A:85. CGH5 =5 8A?>;L7>20BL 745AL 3@0D8G5A:89 M:20;0975@, B0: :0: =C6=0O G0AB>B0 <>65B =0E>48BLAO <564C @53C;OB>@0<8, GB> A45;05B B>G=>5 =0E>645=85 55 =52>7<>6=K<. K1>@ G0AB>BK M:20;0975@>< >:>;> 50 F ?><>65B CAB@0=8BL "?;52:8" 2 70?8A8 2>:0;0. > 745AL ;CGH5 2A5 65 ?>AB0@0BLAO C<5=LH8BL "?;52:8" =0 MB0?5 70?8A8 (?@8 ?><>I8 M:@0=0), G5< ?>B>< ?KB0BLAO 8A?@028BL MB> ?@8 A2545=88. :CAB8G5A:0O 38B0@0 2C: 38B0@K A <5B0;;8G5A:8<8 AB@C=0<8 ?@8 :><?@5AA8@>20=88 AB0=>28BAO 1>;55 ?;>B=K< 8 @>2=K<. #AB0=>2:8 :><?@5AA>@0 2 >A=>2=>< A>2?040NB A B5<8, GB> ?@8<5=ONBAO ?@8 :><?@5AA8@>20=88 2>:0;0, 70 8A:;NG5=85<, ?>60;C9, 2@5<5=8 0B0:8. 'B>1K ?@840BL 72CG0=8N 38B0@K E>@>HCN, 72>=:CN 0B0:C, @53C;OB>@ 4>;65= 1KBL CAB0=>2;5= 345-B> <564C 10 8 40 <A. ">340 0B0:0 :064>9 =>BK 8 0::>@40 1C45B ?@>E>48BL G5@57 :><?@5AA>@ =587<5=5==>9. AB0B8, <>6=> A>740BL 72CG0=85 1>;55 O@:>5, G5< =0 A0<>< 45;5, ?CB5< ?>4:;NG5=8O M:A09B5@0 8;8 8=E0=A5@0 : :><?@5AA>@C (A<. 3;02C ?@> 8=E0=A5@K). 0: 8 2 A;CG05 A 2>:0;><, :><?@5AA8O 4>102;O5BAO 8 =0 MB0?5 70?8A8, 8 =0 MB0?5 A2545=8O. 0A-38B0@0 ;O 10A-38B0@K, :0: 8 4;O 0:CAB8G5A:>9 38B0@K, <>6=> ?@8<5=OBL :><?@5AA>@K A 87<5=O5<K< :><?@5AA8>==K< >B=>H5=85< 8;8 B8? "soft knee" (GB>1K ?>4G5@:=CBL 0B0:C :064>9 =>BK). @5<O 2>AAB0=>2;5=8O 4>;6=> 1KBL ?>4>1@0=> 4;O :>=:@5B=>3> 8A?>;=8B5;O. "5E=8:0 83@K "A;M?" B@51C5B <=>3> :><?@5AA88, 8 =5:>B>@K5 =>BK <>3CB 1KBL >G5=L :>@>B:8<8. @5<O 2>AAB0=>2;5=8O 4>;6=> 1KBL 4>AB0B>G=> 1KAB@K<; 5A;8 >=> A;8H:>< 1KAB@>, B> CAB0=>28B5 2@5<O C45@60=8O (hold time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filter sweep 72C:8 A 1>;LH8< :>;8G5AB2>< @57>=0=A0 <>3CB A>45@60BL ?8:8, A8;L=> ?@52KH0NI85 A@54=89 C@>25=L, GB> ?@82>48B : 8A:065=8O<. 1KG=> :><?@5AA8>==>5 >B=>H5=85 CAB0=02;820B5AO 4:1 8 1>;LH5; B>G:0 ?5@53810 <>65B 1KBL 4>AB0B>G=> 2KA>:0 (GB>1K :><?@5AA8@>20;8AL B>;L:> ?8:8). 0 <54;5==KE 72C:0E filter sweep <>6=> ?@8 ?><>I8 2>;LB<5B@0 <8:H5@A:>3> ?C;LB0 2845BL, :>340 ?@>8AE>48B ?8: 8 =0A:>;L:> >= 25;8:. !M<?;K =5 B@51CNB :><?@5AA88; :><?@5AA>@ ?@8<5=O5BAO 4;O >1@01>B:8 72C:0 ?5@54 AM<?;8@>20=85<. -B> >A>1> 206=>, :>340 B@51C5BAO A45;0BL :>;LF>, B0: :0: 4065 @>2=K5 72C:8 <>3CB <5=OBLAO ?> 0<?;8BC45 ?> ?@8G8=5 185=89 30@<>=8:, 8 MB> <>65B ?><5H0BL A45;0BL ?5B;N (loop) @>2=K<.  MB>< A;CG05 ?>;>65=8O @53C;OB>@>2 :><?@5AA>@0 4>;6=K 1KBL A45;0=K B0:8<8, GB>1K A>>B25BAB2>20BL B8?C 8=AB@C<5=B0, :>B>@K9 AM<?;8@C5BAO; 745AL <>6=> ?@8<5=OBL 1>;LH5 :><?@5AA88, G5< 45;05BAO >1KG=> ?@8 70?8A8.  ?>?- 8 @>:-<C7K:5 C40@=K5 8=AB@C<5=BK 70?8AK20NBAO A =51>;LH8<8 @07;8G8O<8 2 48=0<8:5. ><?@5AA8O ?@8<5=O5BAO 745AL G0AB>, >A>15==> 5A;8 8A?>;=8B5;L 83@05B =54>AB0B>G=> @>2=>.  ?5@2CN >G5@54L MB> :0A05BAO 10A-10@010=0 8 B><>2; 2 B0=F520;L=>9 <C7K:5 C@>25=L <0;>3> 10@010=0 B0:65 AB@5<OBAO C45@6820BL =0 >4=>< C@>2=5. >48BAO ;N1>9 B8? :><?@5AA>@0. ;O =0G0;0 =C6=> CAB0=>28BL :><?@5AA8>==>5 >B=>H5=85 >B 4:1 4> 6:1; 2@5<O 0B0:8 - 10 <A (GB>1K ?>4G5@:=CBL :064K9 C40@); 2@5<O 2>AAB0=>2;5=8O 4>;6=> 1KBL 1KAB@55, G5< 7045@6:0 <564C C40@0<8 (5A;8 2>7<>6=>) - ?@8<5@=> 20-100 <A. >A;5 MB>3> CAB0=>28B5 B>G:C ?5@53810 B0:, GB>1K : B8E8< 72C:0< ?@8<5=O;0AL <5=LH0O :><?@5AA8O, G5< : 3@><:8<. @8 70?8A8 C40@=>9 CAB0=>2:8 A83=0;K A A>A54=8E 10@010=>2 ?@>E>4OB =0 4>@>6:C, ?>MB><C G0AB> 4;O @0745;5=8O 72C:>2 8A?>;L7C5BAO 359B. "0@5;:8 >1KG=> =5 :><?@5AA8@CNBAO, 8=0G5 >=8 1C4CB 72CG0BL =5=0BC@0;L=> (>4=0:> MB> 1K;> A45;0=> ?@8 70?8A8 <=>38E @>:-0;L1><>2, GB>1K A>740BL MDD5:B 2KA>:>9 M=5@388). >340 4;O A>740=8O MDD5:B0 "1>;LH5-G5<-=0-A0<>< 45;5" 8A?>;L7C5BAO 2=5H=89 <8:@>D>= (2 ?><5I5=88 A @525@15@0F859), :><?@5AA8@C5BAO 53> 2KE>4=>9 A83=0;. @8 8A?>;L7>20=88 359B0 A B0:8< <8:@>D>=>< (4;O A>740=8O ?>?C;O@=>3> ">1@570==>3>" 72C:0 10@010=>2), B> 1>;LH0O :><?@5AA8O >15A?5G8205B >BACBAB285 70BCE0=8O 4> B>3>, :0: 70:@>5BAO 359B. 5:>B>@K5 8=65=5@K 2A5340 :><?@5AA8@CNB >:>=G0B5;L=K9 <8:A, 2 B> 2@5<O :0: 4@C385 4065 =5 ?KB0NBAO MB>3> 45;0BL. @58<CI5AB2> :><?@5AA88 745AL A>AB>8B 2 B><, GB> A@54=89 C@>25=L 3@><:>AB8 ?5A=8 C25;8G8205BAO, ?@>8AE>48B =5:>B>@0O "=0:0G:0", :>B>@0O A>7405B 2?5G0B;5=85 M=5@388 8 2>71C645=8O. @8 C25;8G5=88 A@54=53> C@>2=O 3@><:>AB8 ?5A=O 72CG8B 3@><G5, E>BO ?8:8 >AB0NBAO B5<8 65, GB> 8 1K;8. ><?@5AA8O <8:A0 ?@8<5=O5BAO ?@8 ?@>4NA8@>20=88 ?5A5= 4;O @048>, GB>1K 4>18BLAO <0:A8<0;L=>3> MDD5:B0. ;O MB>9 F5;8 =04> 8A?>;L7>20BL :><?@5AA>@ B8?0 "soft knee", 8;8 4065 ;CGH5 - <=>3>?>;>A=K9 :><?@5AA>@. 8 B>B, =8 4@C3>9 =5 45;0NB 72C: 3;CE8< (2 >B;8G85 >B :><?@5AA>@>2 A =587<5=O5<K< :><?@5AA8>==K< >B=>H5=85< (fixed ratio)); 02B><0B8G5A:89 :><?@5AA>@ ;CGH5 3>48BAO 4;O >1@01>B:8 ?5A=8 A> A;>6=>9 48=0<8:>9, G5< C?@02;O5<K9 2@CG=CN. A;8 C 20A 5ABL B>;L:> ?>A;54=89, B> CAB0=>28B5 :>@>B:>5 2@5<O 0B0:8 (0-10 <A) 8 2@5<O 2>AAB0=>2;5=8O :0: <>6=> 1>;55 1KAB@K<. Hold time 4>;6=> 1KBL @02=> 20-50 <A (5A;8 2@5<O 2>AAB0=>2;5=8O A;8H:>< 1KAB@>5). ;O A>E@0=5=8O 10;0=A0 2 ;52>< 8 ?@02>< :0=0;0E :><?@5AA>@ 4>;65= @01>B0BL 2 @568<5 AB5@5>; :><?@5AA8O 2 >1>8E :0=0;0E 4>;6=0 1KBL >48=0:>20, 8=0G5 >48= :0=0; 1C45B 72CG0BL 3@><G5, G5< 4@C3>9. ><?@5AA>@ B0:65 ?@8<5=O5BAO 2 B5E A;CG0OE, :>340 2 70?8A8 B09<-:>40 =0 ;5=B5 ?>;CG8;8AL ?@>20;K. =5 C4020;>AL 8A?@028BL ?>;>65=85 ?@8 ?><>I8 :><?@5AA>@0 "soft-knee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floor" ("?>;") 8;8 "ratio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hold" ("C45@60=85"). = 1K205B B0:65 2 :><?@5AA>@0E. 3> DC=:F8O A>AB>8B 2 B><, GB>1K =5 ?>72>;OBL 359BC 2 B5G5=85 >?@545;5==>3> 2@5<5=8 ?5@5E>48BL 2 D07C 2>AAB0=>2;5=8O ?>A;5 B>3>, :0: C@>25=L 2E>4=>3> A83=0;0 AB0=5B =865 B>G:8 ?5@53810. @8 1KAB@>< 2@5<5=8 2>AAB0=>2;5=8O MB> 8A?>;L7C5BAO 4;O 70?8@0=8O (>1@570=8O) @525@15@0F88 8;8 A>1AB25==KE HC<>2 ABC488 2 A>2@5<5==>9 <C7K:5. >;55 :>@>B:89 "hold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ide Chain 0: 8 2 :><?@5AA>@5, 2 359B5 8<55BAO 1>:>20O F5?L, :>B>@0O 87<5@O5B C@>25=L 2E>4=>3> A83=0;0 8 A@02=8205B 53> A 2KA>B>9 B>G:8 ?5@53810. >340 C@>25=L A83=0;0 ?@52KH05B B>G:C ?5@53810, F5?L 35=5@8@C5B :>=B@>;L=K9 A83=0; 4;O >B:@K20=8O 359B0 - A B>9 A:>@>ABLN, :>B>@CN 70405B @53C;OB>@ 2@5<O 0B0:8. >340 C@>25=L A83=0;0 AB0=>28BAO =865 B>G:8 ?5@53810, 359B 70:@K205BAO 2 A>>B25BAB288 A 25;8G8=0<8 2@5<5=8 C45@60=8O 8 2>AAB0=>2;5=8O. A;8 2K 7=0:><K A @01>B>9 A8=B570B>@0, B> 2K 2848B5, GB> 745AL 5ABL AE>4AB2> A CAB0=>2:>9 ?0@0<5B@>2 >3810NI59. A=>2>9 359B0 O2;O5BAO CA8;8B5;L, C?@02;O5<K9 =0?@O65=85<.  =5:>B>@KE F5?OE 5ABL 0BB5=N0B>@, C?@02;O5<K9 =0?@O65=85<, >A=>20==K9 =0 ?>;C?@>2>4=8:5 B8?0 FET. >4@>1=> @0AA<0B@820BL <5E0=87< =5 8<55B A<KA;0. >AB0B>G=> A:070BL, GB> >= 45;05B A2>N @01>BC B8E>, 1KAB@> 8 =5 2=>A8B 8A:065=89. 0: 8 :><?@5AA>@, 359B <>65B @01>B0BL A> AB5@5><8:A><. ;O MB>3> 2 =5< 8<55BAO A>548=8B5;L=K9 ?5@5:;NG0B5;L. 10 :0=0;0 ?5@5:;NG0NBAO >4=>2@5<5==>, 4065 5A;8 A83=0; 2 >4=>< :0=0;5 3@><G5, G5< 2 4@C3><. -B> 45;05BAO 4;O B>3>, GB>1K =5 ?@>8AE>48;> A<5I5=8O, :0: <>3;> 1K A;CG8BLAO, 5A;8 1K :0=0;K @01>B0;8 =57028A8<>. 0 ?@0:B8:5, >4=0:>, @54:> B@51C5BAO ?>4:;NG0BL 359B 2 @568< AB5@5> - :@><5 B5E A;CG052, :>340 =04> >1@01>B0BL A83=0; A 2KE>40 AB5@5>@525@15@0B>@0 8;8 ME>-:0<5@K, GB>1K A>740BL MDD5:B gated reverb (">1@570==0O @525@15@0F8O").  =5:>B>@KE A;CG0OE 359B, :0: 8 :><?@5AA>@, <>65B 1KBL ?>4:;NG5= B0:, GB>1K C?@02;5=85 H;> >B 2=5H=53> A83=0;0 G5@57 1>:>2CN F5?L. ">340 >48= A83=0; 1C45B 2K7K20BL 70?8@0=85 4@C3>3>: =0?@8<5@, 10A-10@010=, 70?8@0NI89 10A-38B0@C (GB>1K C?;>B=8BL 72C:). A;8 10A-38B0@0 AK3@0;0 GCBL @0=LH5, 72C: =5 ?@>945B G5@57 359B, ?>:0 =5 AK3@05B 10A-10@010=. 0;55 72C: 10A-38B0@K 1C45B 70BCE0BL 2 A>>B25BAB288 A 25;8G8=>9 2@5<5=8 C45@60=8O 8 2>AAB0=>2;5=8O. "0: <>6=> A45;0BL 72C: :>@>G5, G5< 2 >@838=0;5. =>385 359BK 8<5NB @568< "ducking". @8 >BACBAB288 2=5H=53> A83=0;0 2 side chain 459AB285 B>G:8 ?5@53810 ?>;CG05BAO >1@0B=K<: A83=0;K, C@>25=L :>B>@KE ?@52KH05B B>G:C ?5@53810, 70AB02;ONB 359B 70:@K20BLAO. @8 ?><>I8 @53C;OB>@0 "floor" <>6=> CAB0=>28BL 25;8G8=C >A;01;5=8O; B5< A0<K< 1C45B A>740= >1@0B=K9 48=0<8G5A:89 MDD5:B, ?@8 :>B>@>< A0<K5 3@><:85 72C:8 1C45B >A;01;5=K (4> C@>2=O B8E8E).  side chain <>6=> 2:;NG8BL M:20;0975@, GB>1K 359B 1KAB@55 @5038@>20; =0 >?@545;5==K5 G0AB>BK. 0?@8<5@, MB> <>65B ?>=04>18BLAO, :>340 2K 8A?>;L7C5B5 72 *--H.N.445555f6h6<<pDtDFFGGGGMMpNrNd,deeFi~ijj^ljlooooqqrrr hDChnPkOJQJ^JmH sH hDChnPk6OJQJ^JhDChnPk5OJQJ^JhZOJQJ^JhM*OJQJ^J hhnPkOJQJ^JmH sH hOUOJQJ^JmH sH hOJQJ^JhOUOJQJ^JhnPkOJQJ^J3X  , . |~lnp4$a$gd468#:#&&'@*B*|,~,,,,,-P-R-l-----.T..../$a$gd/N/v//// 000X0|00000"1^111222T222223@3f33$a$gd3334L44445H5j5556N6|666 7,7V7X7~77778,8.8$a$gd.8j88889*9d999999 :@:d:::::;J;x;;;<$<D<<$a$gd<<<=N====>2>R>x>>>>8?Z????@J@L@f@@@@ APA$a$gdPAtAAAAAB*BfBhBBBBC$CFC`CCCD$D`DbDdDDDDDG$a$gdGGRHFMHMrOtOOOUUV\\``dd,d.deeDiFiLlNlnn&r$a$gd&r(rvv4y6y|y~yBĎΌ(*$&xz@B$a$gdrr||}}}}}}l|ʃЃ҃܃xvx6>@HJPRZjvxȉ`fhp(0ڌ~lpƩЬܱt hfhnPkOJQJ^JmH sH hFUcOJQJ^Jh@hnPk5OJQJ^J h@hnPkOJQJ^JmH sH h!UOJQJ^J h!UhnPkOJQJ^JmH sH hnPkOJQJ^JhM*OJQJ^J:BƢȢnpftJLp$a$gdt.2 (V\rNbr v 2Bz|PvvvhB|,OJQJ^Jh]qOJQJ^J h hnPkOJQJ^JmH sH h hnPk6OJQJ^JhQhnPk5OJQJ^Jhx?OJQJ^Jhx?hnPk5OJQJ^JhcGhnPk5OJQJ^JhM*OJQJ^JhnPkOJQJ^JhfhnPk5OJQJ^J**,jlPR (*TVZ$a$gdZ\rtLN2  NP$TVpr&(B$a$gdP`d"V<(BDz'~'))R*T*00X2\2<<P=~=MMMMMMNNPPzRRHVfVf`l```lmthYChnPk5OJQJ^JhDlhnPk5OJQJ^Jh hnPk5OJQJ^Jhh:OJQJ^JhR~hnPk5OJQJ^JhB]hnPk5OJQJ^JhB|,OJQJ^Jh.hnPk6OJQJ^JhnPkOJQJ^Jh.hnPk5OJQJ^J2BD^'))P+R+0000r5t5N=P=~=="B$BEEFFDGFGGXH$a$gdXHHhj$a$gdttttttXuZudufupuru>hVj4V`bt^~tjYH hohoOJQJ^JmH sH  hohnPkOJQJ^JmH sH hQOJQJ^JhB|,OJQJ^JhIhnPk5OJQJ^Jh4_OJQJ^JhhnPk5OJQJ^JhB|,hB|,OJQJ^Jh]OJQJ^Jh`OJQJ^J h,Qh,QOJQJ^JmH sH  h,QhnPkOJQJ^JmH sH hnPkOJQJ^JhPhnPk5OJQJ^J\^vxjl24$a$gd^vBLFJĴԴl2LRZxưڰn|haHOJQJ^JhahnPk5OJQJ^JhVshnPk5OJQJ^JhiIhnPk5OJQJ^JhShnPk5OJQJ^J hShnPkOJQJ^JmH sH hPEhnPk5OJQJ^JhB|,OJQJ^JhnPkOJQJ^Jh\FhnPk5OJQJ^J0ʲ̲ BD* jl$a$gd`bZ\rt$a$gdt\^02  df*,~68!$a$gd!!'")$)..0.d3f333j6l699~;;<<:ABxD^tv0H2z"j*> *h tshnPkOJQJ^J *h tshnPkOJQJ^JhOJQJ^J *h tshnPkOJQJ^JhpOJQJ^JhOUOJQJ^JUhnPkOJQJ^JhaHOJQJ^J> . 0 FHjl N&P&f&h&**--N1P1,5$a$gd,5.5L8N8ȁʁވ46ؕڕȗʗbd\Ҩ$a$gdC: <0;>3> 10@010=0 4;O ?5@5:;NG5=8O 359B0. A;8 <8:@>D>= A=8<05B B0:65 72C: E09-EMB0, B> 359B 1C45B ?5@5:;NG0BLAO : B><C 65 8 2 ?0C70E <564C C40@0<8 <0;>3> 10@010=0. @8 ?><>I8 M:20;0975@0 <>6=> >BD8;LB@>20BL G0AB>BK E09-EMB0, GB>1K =5 ?@>8AE>48;> ;>6=>3> ?5@5:;NG5=8O. > <=>38E 359B0E 5ABL ?5@5:;NG0B5;L "listen" ("?@>A;CH820=85"), GB> ?>72>;O5B A;KH0BL =0 2KE>45 359B0 A83=0;, ?>ABC?0NI89 2 1>:>2CN F5?L. -B> =C6=> 4;O =0AB@>9:8 M:20;0975@0 =0 A;CE.  359B0E 1K20NB 2AB@>5==K5 D8;LB@K. 1KG=> MB> >48= hi-pass 8 >48= low-pass, >10 A >AB@K<8 E0@0:B5@8AB8:0<8 2K@570=8O G0AB>B. 06=> ?><=8BL, GB> MB8 D8;LB@K =5 2;8ONB =5?>A@54AB25==> =0 A83=0; =0 2KE>45, 8E DC=:F8O A>AB>8B 2 B><, GB>1K 2;8OBL =0 F5?L ?5@5:;NG5=8O 359B0. @8<5=5=85 7 2A5E 72C:>2KE ?@>F5AA>@>2 359B O2;O5BAO, ?>60;C9, 548=AB25==K<, GL5 ?@8ACBAB285 AB0=>28BAO >G5=L 70<5B=K<, 5A;8 CAB0=>2:8 A45;0=K =5?@028;L=>. 525@=> 2K1@0==0O B>G:0 ?5@53810 8;8 A;8H:>< :>@>B:>5 70BCE0=85 ?@82>4OB : B><C, GB> A83=0; 1C45B A?>=B0==> 70?8@0BLAO 8 >B?8@0BLAO (=0 A;CE MB> 72CG8B :0: =5?@028;L=>5 ?>4:;NG5=85 8;8 4065 :0: AB@0H=K5 8A:065=8O). @028;L=> ?>ABC?8BL B0:: CAB0=>28B5 B>G:C ?5@53810 :0: <>6=> =865 (B>340 =5 1C45B ?@>8AE>48BL ;>6=>3> ?5@5:;NG5=8O), ?>A;5 G53> @53C;8@C9B5 2@5<O C45@60=8O 8 2>AAB0=>2;5=8O B0:, GB>1K 70BCE0=85, ?@8ACI55 72C:C, =5 1K;> >1@C1;5=> 359B><. >>1I5 2@5<O 0B0:8 4>;6=> 1KBL 1KAB@K< (=> =5 4>;6=> 1KBL I5;G:0); <54;5==0O 0B0:0 ?@8<5=O5BAO 4;O A>740=8O A?5FMDD5:B>2. ;O M:A?0=45@-359B0 (A<. =865) 2KA>B0 B>G:8 ?5@53810, :0: ?@028;>, =5 8<55B >A=>2=>3> 7=0G5=8O; => =0 ?@0:B8:5 =5B O2=>9 @07=8FK <564C M:A?0=45@-359B>< 8 >1KG=K< 359B><. A;8 A83=0; 157=0456=> 70HC<;5=, =5 A;54C5B >6840BL, GB> 359B 8A?@028B ?>;>65=85, =5 ?@82=5AO =5:>B>@KE 1>:>2KE MDD5:B>2. C4LB5 2=8<0B5;L=K ?@8 70?8A8, A;548B5 70 C@>2=5< A83=0;0, ?>AB0@09B5AL A25AB8 : <8=8<C<C HC< 8AB>G=8:0 A83=0;0, 8 B>340 359B ?><>65B 20< ?@52@0B8BL E>@>HCN 70?8AL 2 8A:;NG8B5;L=> E>@>HCN. 1KG=> 2 ABC489=>9 ?@0:B8:5 ?@8 A2545=88 ?@8<5=ONB =5A:>;L:> 359B>2 (?> >4=><C =0 :064K9 B@5:). 204F0BL G5BK@5 B@5:0 <>3CB 40BL 7=0G8B5;L=>5 :>;8G5AB2> HC<0, ?>MB><C ?>;57=> 8<5BL 2>7<>6=>ABL 703;CH8BL HC< 2> 2@5<O ?0C7 2 70?8A0==>< A83=0;5. >4:;NG0BL 359B 4;O A>740=8O MDD5:B0 "gated reverb" AB0;> =5?>?C;O@=K<, B0: :0: 1>;LH8=AB2> A>2@5<5==KE F8D@>2KE MDD5:B>2 <>3CB 2K?>;=OBL MBC ?@>F54C@C (8<55BAO A>>B25BAB2CNI89 ?@5A5B). "5< =5 <5=55, B0:>5 ?>4:;NG5=85 45;05BAO, :>340 2 70?8A8 ?@8ACBAB2C5B 5AB5AB25==0O @525@15@0F8O (10@010=K, 70?8A0==K5 2 682>9 :><=0B5).  MB>< A;CG05 8<?C;LA>< ?5@5:;NG5=8O 359B0 A;C68B 72C: "ACE>3>" 10@010=0 (2 side chain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expander ratio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key input)), I5;G:>2 =5 4>;6=> 1KBL. !>548=5=85 59B O2;O5BAO ?@>F5AA>@><. >MB><C >= 2A5340 2:;NG05BAO 2 ;8=8N A83=0;0, =8:>340 - 2 ?5B;N ?>AK;>2/2>72@0B>2. 1@01>B:0 A83=0;0 ?@8 ?><>I8 359B0 <>65B ?@>8AE>48BL ;81> ?5@54 70?8ALN, ;81> ?>A;5 =55 (?@8 <8:H8@>20=88). CGH5 45;0BL MB> 2> 2@5<O A2545=8O (C18@0NBAO HC<K ;5=BK). "0:65 ?@58<CI5AB2> 2:;NG5=8O 359B0 B>;L:> ?@8 <8:H8@>20=88 70:;NG05BAO 2 B><, GB> =525@=K5 CAB0=>2:8 2A5340 <>6=> 87<5=8BL, 2 B> 2@5<O :0: A83=0;, C65 70?8A0==K9 A =525@=K<8 CAB0=>2:0<8 ?0@0<5B@>2, =5 2>AAB0=>28< 2 A2>5< ?5@2>740==>< 2845. ">;L:> :>340 =0 >48= B@5: ?8HCB =5A:>;L:> A83=0;>2 (=0?@8<5@, ?@8 70?8A8 C40@=>9 CAB0=>2:8 A 1>;LH8< :>;8G5AB2>< 10@010=>2), ?@54?>G8B0NB 2:;NG0BL 359B 2 ?@>F5AA5 70?8A8. @><5 B5E A;CG052, :>340 =04> A>740BL MDD5:B "gated reverb", =5 ?@>?CA:09B5 G5@57 359B A83=0;, 8<5NI89 2 A2>5< A>AB025 @525@15@0F8N, 8=0G5 G0ABL 70BCE0=89 1C45B ?>B5@O=0. A;8 A?5@20 >1@01>B0BL A83=0; 359B><, 0 ?>B>< ?>4<5H0BL : =5<C @525@15@0F8N, B> ?>;CG8BAO E>@>H89 @57C;LB0B: =5 B>;L:> 70BCE0=8O 1C4CB ?@8ACBAB2>20BL 2 ?>;=>9 <5@5, => : B><C 65 @525@15@0F8O ?><>65B A:@KBL =5:>B>@K5 =54>AB0B:8 (=5AB018;L=>ABL) @01>BK 359B0.   " >:0; >;LH8=AB2> 2>:0;L=KE 72C:>2 8<5NB 4>AB0B>G=> 1KAB@CN 0B0:C 8 <54;5==>5 70BCE0=85. A:;NG5=85 A>AB02;ONB B5 A;>20, :>B>@K5 70:0=G820NBAO =0 65AB:85 A>3;0A=K5. A;8 359B >B:@K205BAO >G5=L 1KAB@>, 2>7=8:05B >?0A=>ABL, GB> =0 A;>20E A <O3:>9 0B0:>9 1C45B 72CG0BL I5;G>:. CGH5 2@5<O 0B0:8 CAB0=>28BL @02=K< =5 1>;55 1 <8;;8A5:C=4K. -B> 4>AB0B>G=> 1KAB@>, GB>1K 0B0:0 72C:0 ?@>E>48;0 157 ?>B5@8, 8 >4=>2@5<5==> 4>AB0B>G=> <54;5==>, GB>1K =5 1K;> I5;G:0. @5<O 2>AAB0=>2;5=8O 4>;6=> 1KBL 0,5 A. -B> A2>48B : =C;N @8A: ?>B5@8 >:>=G0=89 A;>2 A <O3:8< 70BCE0=85<, 8 MB>3> E20B05B, GB>1K >B@570BL 2A5 =5=C6=K5 HC<K ?>A;5 B5E A;>2, GB> :>=G0NBAO 2=570?=>. 0 4;8==>9 =>B5, :>B>@0O 8<55B =5@02=><5@=K9 C@>25=L, 359B <>65B >B?8@0BLAO 8 70?8@0BLAO, ?@>872>4O "4@515760=85"; GB>1K CAB@0=8BL MB>, =04> C25;8G8BL 2@5<O C45@60=8O. "@51573" O2;O5BAO ?@>1;5<>9 B>;L:> B>340, :>340 2@5<O 2>AAB0=>2;5=8O <0;>; => =5;L7O 8A?@028BL ?>;>65=8O ?@>AB> ?CB5< C4;8=5=8O 2@5<5=8 2>AAB0=>2;5=8O, B0: :0: B>340 A83=0; <>65B :>=G8BLAO ?@5645, G5< 70:@>5BAO 359B, 8 HC<K 1C4CB ?@>E>48BL. =0;>38G=0O ?@>1;5<0 ACI5AB2C5B A B>G:>9 ?5@53810. '5< <5=LH5 55 2KA>B0, B5< ;CGH5 @57C;LB0B; => 5A;8 >=0 CAB0=>2;5=0 A;8H:>< =87:>, ?>O2;O5BAO 25@>OB=>ABL B>3>, GB> HC<K 8 =5=C6=K5 72C:8 1C4CB ?5@5:;NG0BL 359B. >MB><C ;CGH5 ?>AB0@0BLAO, GB>1K >B 8AB>G=8:0 H;> <0;> HC<>2, G5< >6840BL, GB> 359B A>B2>@8B GC4>. AB0B8, 5A;8 :><?@5AA8@>20BL 2>:0; >4=>2@5<5==> A ?@>?CA:0=85< 53> G5@57 359B, B> ;CGH5 359B ?>AB028BL ?5@54 :><?@5AA>@><; 5A;8 >= AB>8B 2B>@K<, B> C<5=LH5==K9 2 @57C;LB0B5 459AB28O :><?@5AA>@0 48=0<8G5A:89 480?07>= A83=0;0 45;05B B@C4=K< ?@028;L=CN CAB0=>2:C 2KA>BK B>G:8 ?5@53810. -;5:B@>38B0@K @8 70?8A8 M;5:B@>38B0@, 2 >A>15==>AB8 "AB@0B>:0AB5@>2" 8 0=0;>38G=KE <>45;59, 8<5NI8E >48= C3>;L=K9 72C:>A=8<0B5;L, HC< <>65B AB0BL A5@L57=>9 ?@>1;5<>9, B0: :0: 72C:>A=8<0B5;L ?5@5405B 2A5 =02>4:8, 8<5NI85AO 2 ?><5I5=88. ;O =0G0;0 =C6=> =09B8 B0:>5 ?>;>65=85 8A?>;=8B5;O (2 <03=8B=>< ?>;5), ?@8 :>B>@>< HC< >B =02>4>: AB0=>28BAO <8=8<0;L=K<. 1KG=> 5ABL >4=> =0?@02;5=85, ?@8 :>B>@>< HC< - A0<K9 1>;LH>9, 8 >4=>, ?@8 :>B>@>< 53> ?>GB8 =5B. @C38< 8AB>G=8:>2 HC<>2 O2;O5BAO ?@8AB02:0 "overdrive" (2=5 7028A8<>AB8 >B B>3>, 2AB@>5=0 >=0 2 CA8;8B5;L 8;8 8<55BAO 2 2845 >B45;L=>9 ?540;8). -B8 ?@8AB02:8 @01>B0NB ?> ?@8=F8?C 4>102;5=8O >G5=L 1>;LH>3> CA8;5=8O : A83=0;C ?5@54 B5<, :0: >= ?>?0405B 2 =5;8=59=CN F5?L, 345 A>740NBAO B@51C5<K5 8A:065=8O. >?>;=8B5;L=>5 CA8;5=85 A83=0;0 ?>@>6405B C25;8G5=85 C@>2=O HC<>2 8 B@5A:0. >MB><C ?@8<5=5=85 359B0 <>65B A?0AB8 A8BC0F8N. # 8A:065==>9 38B0@K 0B0:0 >G5=L 1KAB@0O, "60;OI0O"; 7=0G8B, 2@5<O 0B0:8 359B0 4>;6=> 1KBL A0<K< 1KAB@K<. @5<O 2>AAB0=>2;5=8O 7028A8B >B AB8;O <C7K:8. 0: ?@028;>, >=> 4>;6=> 1KBL 2>7<>6=> 1>;55 :>@>B:8<, GB>1K 70BCE0=85 4;8==KE =>B =5 ?@5@K20;>AL: >B 45AOB:>2 <8;;8A5:C=4 ?@8 AB0::0B> 8A:065==>9 38B0@K 4> 0,5 A 8 1>;55 - 4;O <54;5==KE, G8ABKE ?0AA0659. ;028H=K5 8=AB@C<5=BK >65B ?>:070BLAO, GB> M;5:B@>==K5 :;028H=K5 =5 B@51CNB >1@01>B:8 359B><, B0: :0: >=8 >1KG=> 2:;NG0NBAO =0?@O<CN 2 ?C;LB 8 ?>MB><C =5 <>3CB ?@82=>A8BL ?>AB>@>==8E HC<>2. > MB> =5 A>2A5< B0:. =>385 :;028H=K5 8=AB@C<5=BK A>740NB A2>8 A>1AB25==K5 HC<K (2 >A>15==>AB8 - F8D@>2K5 A8=B570B>@K). -B8 HC<K A;KH=K B>;L:> 2 ?0C70E <564C =>B0<8 8;8 2> 2@5<O 70BCE0=8O =>BK, B0: GB> ?@8<5=5=85 359B0 2 B0:8E A;CG0OE 65;0B5;L=>. 5;8G8=K 2@5<5=8 0B0:8 8 70BCE0=8O 359B0 4>;6=K 1KBL CAB0=>2;5=K 2 A>>B25BAB288 A D>@<>9 >3810NI59 A83=0;0 (2 A8=B570B>@0E D>@<0 <>65B 1KBL ;N1>9). ><=8B5 >1I55 ?@028;>: 2@5<O 0B0:8 4>;6=> 1KBL 1KAB@K<, => =5 4>;6=> 1KBL I5;G:>2; 2@5<O 2>AAB0=>2;5=8O 4>;6=> 1KBL 1KAB@K<, => =5 4>;6=> ?@>8AE>48BL >B@570=8O 70BCE0NI8E 72C:>2; =0 =5:>B>@KE 72C:0E 2> 2@5<O 70BCE0=8O <>65B ?@>8AE>48BL ;>6=>5 ?5@5:;NG5=85 359B0 - B>340 C25;8G8209B5 2@5<O C45@60=8O. 8=0<8G5A:89 HC<>?>4028B5;L 405B ;CGH85 @57C;LB0BK, G5< >1KG=K9 359B, B0: :0: >= C40;O5B HC<K 87 A8=B578@>20==KE 72C:>2 =5 B>;L:> 2 ?0C70E, => 8 2> 2@5<O 70BCE0=8O. 8=0<8G5A:89 HC<>?>4028B5;L E>@>H> @01>B05B A F5;K<8 <8:A0<8, ?>MB><C 8<55B A<KA; A>1@0BL 2 AB5@5>?>43@C??C A83=0;K A> 2A5E A8=B570B>@>2 8 ?>40BL 8E =0 HC<>?>4028B5;L G5@57 B>G:C @07@K20 ?>43@C??K. 59B 8A?>;L7C5BAO 4;O >1@01>B:8 10@010=>2 =5 B>;L:> 4;O B>3>, GB>1K >G8AB8BL 72C: >B ;8H=53> HC<0, => 8 70B5<, GB>1K 87<5=8BL 53>, A>740BL 1KAB@>5, G5B:>5 70BCE0=85. 0A-10@010=K 8 B><K, 2 72C:5 :>B>@KE 8<55BAO =5=C6=K9 72>=, ?@8 ?@>E>645=88 G5@57 359B 2K7>2CB 53> 70?8@0=85, 72>= 1C45B >B@570=, 0 72C: AB0=5B 1>;55 ?;>B=K<. ;O C40@=KE 8=AB@C<5=B>2 2A5340 206=> ?5@540BL ?5@5E>4=K9 ?@>F5AA, ?>MB><C 2@5<O 0B0:8 4>;6=> 1KBL >G5=L 1KAB@K<, 0 2@5<O 2>AAB0=>2;5=8O @53C;8@C5BAO =0 A;CE. 0 ?@0:B8:5 ?>;CG05BAO, GB> 2@5<O 2>AAB0=>2;5=8O <>65B 1KBL =0AB>;L:> 1KAB@K<, GB> MDD5:BK @53C;OB>@>2 2@5<5=8 2>AAB0=>2;5=8O 8 C45@60=8O A>25@H5==> 845=B8G=K. @8 70?8A8 C40@=>9 CAB0=>2:8 A ?><>ILN =5A:>;L:8E <8:@>D>=>2, :064K9 87 :>B>@KE CAB0=>2;5= 1;87:> : >4=><C 87 10@010=>2, 359B G0AB> C?>B@51;O5BAO 4;O B>3>, GB>1K C;CGH8BL @0745;5=85 ?> :0=0;0< (CAB@0=8BL "1>:>2>9 MDD5:B" - ?@>=8:=>25=85 A83=0;0 A A>A54=53> 10@010=0), ?@8 MB>< B>G:0 ?5@53810 4>;6=0 1KBL 4>AB0B>G=> 2KA>:>9 (B0: :0: 10@010=K =0E>4OBAO 1;87:> 4@C3 >B 4@C30). >65B 2>7=8:=CBL >?0A=>ABL ?>B5@8 B8E8E 72C:>2. 'B>1K 871560BL MB>3>, ?@8<5=ONB 359BK A ?>;>A>2K<8 D8;LB@0<8, :>B>@K5 <>6=> =0AB@>8BL =0 72C: :>=:@5B=>3> 10@010=0 8 4> 8725AB=>9 AB5?5=8 2K@570BL G0AB>BK 10@010=>2 8 B0@5;>:, =0AB@>5==KE =0 4@C3CN G0AB>BC. A>15==> G0AB> B0:85 359BK C?>B@51;ONBAO 2 @01>B5 A <0;K< 10@010=>< (E09-EMB @0A?>;>65= A;8H:>< 1;87:>). : 5A;8 2K CAB0=>28;8 D8;LB@ B0:8< >1@07><, GB> >= 2K@5705B 1>;LHCN G0ABL 2KA>:8E G0AB>B, MB> <>65B 70<54;8BL >B:@K20=85 359B0 8 ?>2;8O5B =0 0B0:C A83=0;0. @C30O ?@>1;5<0 A>AB>8B 2 B><, GB> 2 B5 <><5=BK, :>340 359B >B:@KB, 2A5 A83=0;K, 72CG0I85 >4=>2@5<5==> A ?>;57=K< A83=0;><, ?@>E>4OB 2 ;8=8N. 0?@8<5@, :064K9 @07, :>340 >4=>2@5<5==> 83@05B E09-EMB 8 <0;K9 10@010=, 72C: E09-EMB0 1C45B 3@><G5, :0: 5A;8 1K 53> 70?8AK20;8 ?@8 ?><>I8 42CE <8:@>D>=>2 2<5AB> >4=>3>.  1>;LH8=AB25 A;CG052 =0 MB> =5 >1@0I0NB 2=8<0=8O, => =5:>B>@K5 8=65=5@K 2A5 65 ?KB0NBAO 8A?@028BL ?>;>65=85, 8A?>;L7CO 4@C3>9 :0=0; 359B0 4;O ?>4:;NG5=8O A83=0;0 A <8:@>D>=0, A=8<0NI53> E09-EMB, CAB0=02;820NB :0=0; 2 @568< "duck", 8 ?5@5:;NG5=85 845B >B B>3> 65 8AB>G=8:0, GB> ?5@5:;NG05B 359B <0;>3> 10@010=0. A;8 >10 =01>@0 @53C;OB>@>2 CAB0=>2;5=K 845=B8G=> 8 @CG:0 "floor" B>3> :0=0;0 359B0, =0 :>B>@K9 845B A83=0;0 E09-EMB0, CAB0=>2;5=0 ?@028;L=>, B> C@>25=L A83=0;0 E09-EMB0 1C45B =5<=>3> C<5=LH0BLAO 2 B5 <><5=BK, :>340 >B:@K205BAO 359B <0;>3> 10@010=0. -B> =5 O2;O5BAO =08;CGH8< @5H5=85<, => 2A5 65 ?><>305B ?@54>B2@0B8BL C25;8G5=85 C@>2=O A83=0;0 E09-EMB0 2 <><5=BK A>2?045=8O A C40@0<8 <0;>3> 10@010=0. ?5G0B;5=85 (">1@07") <>65B 1KBL =0@CH5=>, 5A;8 <0;K9 10@010= 8 E09-EMB ?0=>@0<8@>20=K 2 ?@>B82>?>;>6=K5 G0AB8 (E09-EMB 1C45B 72CG0BL =5A:>;L:> AB@0==>). "0:0O 65 ?@>1;5<0 ACI5AB2C5B ?@8 70?8A8 B0@5;>: ":@MH" 8 "@094", => >=0 @5H05BAO ?@>I5: 4>AB0B>G=> C3>2>@8BL 10@010=I8:0 ?>425A8BL B0@5;:8 =0 =5:>B>@>< @0AAB>O=88 >B B><>2, 0 =5 =5?>A@54AB25==> =04 =8<8. !?5F80;L=K5 MDD5:BK ?8A0==K9 2KH5 A?>A>1 8A?>;L7>20=8O >4=>3> :0=0;0 359B0 4;O @01>BK 2 @568<5 "ducker" <>65B 1KBL ?@8<5=5= 2<5AB5 A 1>;LH8< (4;8==K<) 2@5<5=5< 0B0:8 4;O A>740=8O 02B><0B8G5A:>3> ?0=>@0<8@>20=8O :064K9 @07, :>340 2E>4=>9 A83=0; ?@52KH05B 2KA>BC B>G:8 ?5@53810.  MB>< A;CG05 =0 >10 :0=0;0 359B0 ?>405BAO A83=0; >B >4=>3> 8 B>3> 65 8AB>G=8:0, 0 2KE>4=K5 A83=0;K ?0=>@0<8@CNBAO AB@>3> 2 ?@>B82>?>;>6=K5 AB>@>=K. A;8 @CG:0 "floor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autopanner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short room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comb filter effect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pitch shifters (CAB@>9AB20 A42830 2KA>BK A83=0;0), ?@>F5AA>@K <C;LB8MDD5:B>2 8 B.4.). @5645 G5< @0AA<0B@820BL @01>BC :0:>3>-;81> :>=:@5B=>3> ?@>F5AA>@0, =04> 8<5BL ?@54AB02;5=85 > B><, :0: 2>>1I5 @01>B05B F8D@>20O A8AB5<0 (MB> ?><>65B ?>=OBL <=>3>5 87 B>3>, GB> =0?8A0=> 2 B5E=8G5A:>9 4>:C<5=B0F88 B0:8E CAB@>9AB2). 0 2E>4 F8D@>2>3> ?@>F5AA>@0 ?>ABC?05B 0=0;>3>2K9 A83=0; (=0?@8<5@, <C7K:0). !?5@20 MB>B A83=0; 4>;65= 1KBL ?@5>1@07>20= 2 F8D@>2>9 284. =0;>3>2K9 A83=0; - MB> 87<5=5=85 =0?@O65=8O ?@>?>@F8>=0;L=> 87<5=5=8O< A>AB>O=85 8AB>G=8:0 A83=0;0 8 87<5=5=8O< >:@C60NI59 A@54K.  A;CG05 A> 72C:>< 0=0;>3>2K9 A83=0; - MB> 87<5=5=85 =0?@O65=8O, ?@>?>@F8>=0;L=>5 87<5=5=8N 72C:>2>3> 402;5=8O. 0?@8<5@, 281@0F88 AB@C=K 2K7K20NB 1KAB@K5 G0ABK5 87<5=5=8O 72C:>2>3> 402;5=8O, 8 =0 2KE>45 <8:@>D>=0 ?>O2;O5BAO ?5@5<5==>5 =0?@O65=85. &8D@>20O A8AB5<0 @01>B05B A 42>8G=K<8 G8A;0<8 - 548=8F0<8 8 =C;O<8; 2 F5?8 MB> - ?@8ACBAB285 8;8 >BACBAB285 =><8=0;L=>3> ?>AB>O==>3> =0?@O65=8O. @5>1@07>20=85 0=0;>3>2>3> A83=0;0 2 F8D@>2>9 - MB> 87<5@5=85 =0?@O65=8O 0=0;>3>2>3> A83=0;0 G5@57 @02=K5 ?@><56CB:8 8 ?>;CG5=85 42>8G=>3> :>40. 0640O A5:C=40 72CG0=8O A83=0;0 <>65B 1KBL 2K@065=0 2 2845 =5A:>;L:8E 45AOB:>2 BKAOG G8A5;, :064K9 87 :>B>@KE A>>B25BAB2C5B :>=:@5B=><C <><5=BC 2@5<5=8. 0: :8=>;5=B0: :064K9 A;54CNI89 :04@ =5<=>3> >B;8G05BAO >B ?@54K4CI53>. >340 ;5=B0 1KAB@> ?@>E>48B G5@57 ?@>5:B>@, 2>7=8:05B 2?5G0B;5=85 > 42865=88. "> 65 A0<>5 A> 72C:><: 5A;8 8<55BAO 4>AB0B>G=>5 :>;8G5AB2> <><5=B0;L=KE 87<5@5=89 2 A5:C=4C, B> <>6=> 2>AAB0=>28BL >@838=0;L=K9 72C:. "5>@8O AM<?;8@>20=8O (48A:@5B870F88) @>F5AA 87<5@5=8O 8 ?5@52>40 2 F8D@>2>9 284 >B45;L=KE G0AB59 2E>4=>3> A83=0;0 =07K205BAO AM<?;8@>20=85<. 5;05BAO <=>65AB2> A@57>2 A83=0;0; 2KA>B0 MB8E A@57>2 87<5@O5BAO. !@57K (AM<?;K) 8<5NB @>2=CN 25@H8=C, B> 5ABL >=8 =5 B>G=> A>>B25BAB2CNB D>@<5 2>;=K. BAN40 A;54C5B, GB> G5< B>=LH5 A@57K, B5< 1>;55 B>G=> (8;8 <5=55 8A:065==>) >=8 >?8AK20NB A83=0;. "5>@8O AM<?;8@>20=8O A;8H:>< A;>6=0, GB>1K @0AA<0B@820BL 55 2 40==>9 :=835. A=>2=K5 ?>=OB8O B0:>2K: 4;O ?@028;L=>3> 2>AA>740=8O A83=0;0 =0 2KE>45 G0AB>B0 AM<?;8@>20=8O 4>;6=0 1KBL ?> :@09=59 <5@5 2 420 @070 1>;LH5 G0AB>BK 2KAH59 30@<>=8:8 40==>3> A83=0;0. 4=0:> =0 ?@0:B8:5 G0AB>B0 48A:@5B870F88 ?@52KH05B 2KAHCN 30@<>=8:0 2 420 A ?>;>28=>9 - B@8 @070. "0:8< >1@07><, GB>1K AM<?;8@>20BL A83=0;, A>45@60I89 30@<>=8:8 4> 10 :F, G0AB>B0 48A:@5B870F88 4>;6=0 1KBL 30 :F. 'B>1K A>740BL 2@5<5==CN 7045@6:C 2 1 A, ?>B@51C5BAO ?0<OBL, 2 :>B>@CN 70?8AK20NBAO MB8 30 000 AM<?;>2. =8 70?8AK20NBAO 2 RAM (?0<OBL A ?@>872>;L=K< 4>ABC?><). 0<OBL 30 :8;>109B A>45@68B 1 A5:C=4C 72CG0=8O 8=AB@C<5=B0 A G0AB>B>9 25@E=59 30@<>=8:8 10 :F. CB5< ?>AB>O==>3> >1=>2;5=8O A>45@68<>3> ?0<OB8 8 2K2>40 53> 2>2=5 (AG8BK20=8O) <>6=> A>740BL 7045@6:C 4;8B5;L=>ABLN 1 A. A;8 MB> =04> A45;0BL 4;O A83=0;0 A 25@E=8< ?@545;>< 20 :F, B> ?>B@51C5BAO >1J5< ?0<OB8 60 :8;>109B. C6=> =5 B>;L:> 2K1@0BL ?@028;L=CN G0AB>BC 48A:@5B870F88. 06=> B0:65 @07@5H5=85 (resolution). &8D@>2K5 =><5@0, A>>B25BAB2CNI85 AM<?;0<, 3@C??8@CNBAO ?> H030< (step). '8A;> 2>7<>6=KE H03>2 7028A8B >B B>3>, A:>;L:> 18B <>65B ?@>?CA:0BL & (0=0;>3>-F8D@>2>9 ?@5>1@07>20B5;L). 8 18B - 2 2 8 AB5?5=8 3@C?? (H03>2) = 256. -B> 7=0G8B, GB> 3@><:89 A83=0; <>65B A>AB>OBL 87 256 H03>2, 0 B8E89 - 87 <5=LH53> :>;8G5AB20. -B> AG8B05BAO ?;>E8< C@>2=5< @07@5H5=8O. -B> - 8A:065=8O :20=B870F88. A:065=8O :20=B870F88 72CG0B :0: HC<, =>, 2 >B;8G85 >B 0=0;>3>2KE HC<>2, >= 8AG5705B 2<5AB5 A A83=0;><. A?>;L7>20=85 12- 8 16-18B>2KE CAB@>9AB2 ?>72>;O5B C;CGH8BL @07@5H5=85.  1>;LH8=AB25 A>2@5<5==KE F8D@>2KE CAB@>9AB2 ?@8<5=O5BAO 16-18B>20O A8AB5<0 (=0?@8<5@, :><?0:B-48A:). 064K9 18B - MB> 6 41 48=0<8G5A:>3> 480?07>=0; A;54>20B5;L=>, 8-18B>20O A8AB5<0 ?>72>;O5B 2>A?@>8725AB8 B>;L:> 48 4 (A>2A5< :0: :0AA5B=K9 <03=8B>D>= 157 Dolby). 16-18B>20O A8AB5<0 ?>72>;O5B ?@>?CAB8BL 48=0<8G5A:89 480?07>= 96 4, GB> 4;O 0C48>F5;59 O2;O5BAO >B;8G=K< ?>:070B5;5<. 12-18B>20O A8AB5<0 - MB> 72 4, GB> ?>72>;O5B ?@8<5=OBL 55 4;O <=>38E MDD5:B>2. B0:, G5< 2KH5 G0AB>B0 AM<?;8@>20=8O, B5< 1>;LH89 G0AB>B=K9 480?07>= >E20BK205B A8AB5<0 (B5< ;CGH5 G0AB>B=0O E0@0:B5@8AB8:0). > G5< 2KH5 G0AB>B0, B5< 1>;LH5 AM<?;>2 <>6=> ?>;CG8BL, 8 B5< 1>;LH89 >1J5< ?0<OB8 B@51C5BAO 4;O E@0=5=8O 40==KE. !;54>20B5;L=>, B0:>5 CAB@>9AB2> ;81> 4>@>3> AB>8B, ;81> 53> 2@5<O 7045@6:8 =5 A;8H:>< 1>;LH>5 (C F8D@>2KE 48;M52 8 AM<?;5@>2). 0==85 DDL =5 >B;8G0;8AL =8 2KA>:>9 G0AB>B>9 AM<?;8@>20=8O, =8 1>;LH8< 2@5<5=5< 7045@6:8. !>2@5<5==K5 =54>@>385 0??0@0BK 8<5NB H8@8=C ?>;>AC 15 :F 8 ?> <5=LH59 <5@5 1 A 7045@6:8. A;8 CAB@>9AB2> ?>72>;O5B A>740BL 4;8==CN 7045@6:C, B> 2A5340 <>6=> A45;0BL 8 1>;55 :>@>B:CN - ;81> ?CB5< >B:;NG5=8O G0AB8 ?0<OB8, ;81> ?CB5< ?>2KH5=8O G0AB>BK 48A:@5B870F88.  A>2@5<5==KE 0??0@0B0E ?@8<5=ONBAO >10 <5B>40. 0<OBL 2:;NG05BAO 8 >B:;NG05BAO ?@8 ?><>I8 ?5@5:;NG0B5;O "range", G0AB>B0 AM<?;8@>20=8O 87<5=O5BAO ?@8 ?><>I8 @53C;OB>@0 "fine". &8D@>2>9 @525@15@0B>@ - 1>;55 A;>6=0O A8AB5<0, G5< F8D@>20O 7045@6:0.  =5< ?@>8AE>48B @01>B0 <8:@>?@>F5AA>@0 A 2KA>:8< 1KAB@>459AB285< - @01>B0 A F8D@>2K<8 40==K<8 4;O A>740=8O BKAOG8 8=48284C0;L=KE >B@065=89, 87 :>B>@KE A>7405BAO 5AB5AB25==> 72CG0I0O @525@15@0F8O. &8D@>2>9 @525@15@0B>@ ?>O28;AO B>;L:> G5@57 B@8 3>40 ?>A;5 ?>O2;5=8O F8D@>2>3> 48;MO. &8D@>2>9 @525@15@0B>@ =5 B@51C5B B0:>9 H8@8=K ?>;>AK, :0: F8D@>20O 7045@6:0; 2?>;=5 E20B05B 10 :F (4;O 53> @01>BK 157 A8;L=>3> 87<5=5=8O A83=0;0). &8D@>20O 7045@6:0  ;N1>9 ABC488 4>;65= 1KBL 48;M9. >340-B> >= 1K; ?@>AB59H8< ?@55<=8:>< ;5=B>G=>3> @525@15@0B>@0 (<03=8B>D>=0, ;5=B0 =0 :>B>@< A>548=5=0 2 :>;LF>). >B>< 2 =5< ?>O28;8AL @53C;OB>@K <>4C;OF88, ?@8 ?><>I8 :>B>@KE AB0;> 2>7<>6=K< A>74020BL @07;8G=K5 MDD5:BK - >B ME> 8 4C1;8@>20=8O 4> E>@CA0, D;M=465@0, 8A:CAAB25==>9 42>9=>9 4>@>6:8, 281@0B> 8 A42830 D07K. E>4=>9 A83=0; ?@>E>48B G5@57 @53C;OB>@ "gain" (>1KG=> 745AL 65 8<55BAO 87<5@8B5;L=0O A8AB5<0 4;O B>G=>9 @53C;8@>2:8 C@>2=O). "@51C5BAO B>G=> CAB0=>28BL C@>25=L A83=0;0, GB>1K =5 1K;> HC<>2 8 8A:065=89. >A;5 MB>3> A83=0; @0745;O5BAO, G0ABL 53> 845B ?@O<> =0 2KE>4=>9 @53C;OB>@ "mix", 345 :><18=8@C5BAO A 7045@60==K< A83=0;><. 0 2E>45 ;8=88 7045@6:8 AB>8B 0=0;>3>-F8D@>2>9 ?@5>1@07>20B5;L. 45AL A83=0; ?@5>1@07C5BAO 2 ?>A;54>20B5;L=>ABL G8A5;, :>B>@K5 70B5< ?>ABC?0NB 2 ?0<OBL. 0?8AL 2 ?0<OBL 8 GB5=85 87 =55 2 1>;LH8=AB25 CAB@>9AB2 C?@02;O5BAO <8:@>?@>F5AA>@><, :>B>@K9 2 A2>N >G5@54L C?@02;O5BAO @53C;OB>@>< "range". "5< A0<K< 1>;LH0O 8;8 <5=LH0O G0ABL ?0<OB8 ?>4:;NG05BAO 2 @01>BC (2 7028A8<>AB8 >B 25;8G8=K 7045@6:8, :>B>@CN =04> ?>;CG8BL). ! F5?LN B0:65 2708<>459AB2CNB B09<5@, CAB0=02;820NI89 G0AB>BC 48A:@5B870F88, 8 35=5@0B>@ <>4C;OF88. 7<5=OO G0AB>BC 48A:@5B870F88, <>6=> >B@53C;8@>20BL 2@5<O 7045@6:8 (>1KG=> 1>;55 2:1). @8 ?><>I8 @53C;OB>@0 <>4C;OF88 CAB0=02;8205BAO F8:;8G5A:>5 87<5=5=85 2KA>BK A83=0;0 A B>9 A:>@>ABLN 8 3;C18=>9, :>B>@K5 B@51CNBAO 4;O A>740=8O MDD5:B>2 "E>@CA", "D;M=465@", "281@0B>". $>@<0 <>4C;8@>20==>9 2>;=K >1KG=> B@5C3>;L=0O 8;8 A8=CA>840;L=0O. 15 D>@<K 405B <O3:CN @0725@B:C, => AG8B05BAO, GB> A8=CA>840;L=0O D>@<0 2>;=K O2;O5BAO ?@54?>GB8B5;L=>9. !83=0; 2 F8D@>2>< 2845 2K7K205BAO 87 ?0<OB8 8 ?@>E>48B G5@57 F8D@>-0=0;>3>2K9 ?@5>1@07>20B5;L (&), 345 >= >?OBL AB0=>28BAO 0=0;>3>2K< 8 ?>4<5H8205BAO : =57045@60==><C A83=0;C. !CI5AB2C5B 5I5 >48= ?0@0<5B@ - feedback (>1@0B=0O A2O7L). 53C;OB>@ >1@0B=>9 A2O78 >BAK;05B G0ABL A83=0;0 A 2KE>40 >1@0B=> 2 ;8=8N 7045@6:8, B5< A0<K< ?>;CG05BAO ?>2B>@ONI55AO ME>. 5;8G8=0 >1@0B=>9 A2O78 4>;6=0 1KBL <5=LH5 548=8FK (F5;>3> A83=0;0), 8=0G5 :064>5 =>2>5 ME> 1C45B 2>7@0AB0BL ?> C@>2=N, 0 =5 70BCE0BL. >65B ?>;CG8BLAO =5C?@02;O5<K9 2>9.  =5:>B>@KE <>45;OE 5ABL ?5@5:;NG0B5;L D07K, GB> ?@8 >G5=L :>@>B:>< 2@5<5=8 70BCE0=8O A>>1I05B A83=0;C 5420 70<5B=>5 87<5=5=85 B>=0 (2 G0AB=>AB8, 2 MDD5:B0E "D;M=465@").  7028A8<>AB8 >B ?>;>65=8O ?5@5:;NG0B5;O, D;M=465@ CA8;8205B 8;8 70G5@:8205B (2KG8B05B) G0ABL 87<5=5=89. !>740=85 MDD5:B>2 !0<K9 ?@>AB>9 MDD5:B - MB> >48=>G=0O 7045@6:0. 53C;OB>@K 3;C18=K 8 A:>@>AB8 <>4C;OF88, 0 B0:65 @53C;OB>@ >1@0B=>9 A2O78 4>;6=K 1KBL CAB0=>2;5=K =0 <8=8<C<. 53C;OB>@ "range" >?@545;O5B 2@5<O 7045@6:8. 0;55 ?@8 ?><>I8 @CG:8 "fine" <>6=> ?>4>1@0BL B0:>5 2@5<O 7045@6:8, GB>1K >=> A>>B25BAB2>20;> B5<?C ?5A=8 (>B 20 <A - :>@>B:>5 ME> - 4> 7045@6:8 2 1 8 1>;55 A5:C=4C). 'B>1K B0:>5 >48=>G=>5 ?>2B>@5=85 ?@52@0B8;>AL 2 =0AB>OI55 ?>2B>@ONI55AO ME>, =04> @53C;8@>20BL @CG:C "feedback". !83=0; A 2KE>40 ?>405BAO >?OBL 2 ;8=8N 7045@6:8; 2@5<O 70BCE0=8O CAB0=02;8205BAO @53C;OB>@>< >1@0B=>9 A2O78. -DD5:B "E>@CA" 8<55B E0@0:B5@=K9 72C: 8 G0AB> ?@8<5=O5BAO 4;O >1@01>B:8 38B0@K, 10A-38B0@K 8 :;028H=KE 8=AB@C<5=B>2. 'B>1K 4>18BLAO MB>3> MDD5:B0, =04> CAB0=>28BL 2@5<O 7045@6:8 @02=K< =5A:>;L:8< 45AOB:0< <8;;8A5:C=4 8 225AB8 <>4C;OF8N 3 F. ;O ;CGH53> @57C;LB0B0 ?@O<>9 8 7045@60==K9 A83=0;K 4>;6=K 1KBL A<5H0=K 2 @02=>9 ?@>?>@F88. ;C18=0 <>4C;OF88 4>;6=0 1KBL =51>;LH>9, 8=0G5 MDD5:B 1C45B 72CG0BL 3@C1>. !2>5 =0720=85 MB>B MDD5:B ?>;CG8; ?>B><C, GB> >= A>7405B 2?5G0B;5=85 > =5A:>;L:8E 8=AB@C<5=B0E, 83@0NI8E 2<5AB5 >4=C 8 BC 65 =>BC. = 2=>A8B 2@5<5==CN 8 2KA>B=CN @07=8FC, :>B>@0O 2A5340 5ABL, :>340 =5A:>;L:> G5;>25: ?KB0NBAO AK3@0BL >4=> 8 B> 65. @><5 B>3>, MDD5:B "E>@CA" ?>72>;O5B A45;0BL 72CG0=85 M;5:B@>==KE 8=AB@C<5=B>2 1>;55 =0BC@0;L=K<. 5;> 2 B><, GB> A8=B578@>20==K5 A83=0;K 8<5NB G5B:> AB@C:BC@8@>20==CN D>@<C 2>;=K, G53> =5 ACI5AB2C5B 2 5AB5AB25==KE 72C:0E. @8 ?><>I8 E>@CA0 <>6=> 70AB028BL 45H52K9 M;5:B@>>@30= 72CG0BL A>2A5< :0: =0AB>OI89 (pipe organ). A;8 5I5 C<5=LH8BL 7045@6:C (4> =5A:>;L:8E <8;;8A5:C=4) 8 C1@0BL =5>1@01>B0==K9 A83=0; 87 <8:A0 (?@8 ?><>I8 @53C;OB>@0 "mix"), B> ?>;CG8BAO =0AB>OI55 2KA>B=>5 281@0B>, :>B>@>5 <>6=> 8A?>;L7>20BL 4;O >1@01>B:8 8=AB@C<5=B>2 8 2>:0;0. A;8 25@=CBL =5>1@01>B0==K9 A83=0;, B> ?>;CG8BAO MDD5:B, ?>E>689 =0 A4283 D07; 5A;8 : MB><C 4>1028BL =5<=>3> >1@0B=>9 A2O78, B> ?>;CG8BAO D;M=465@. -DD5:B "D;M=465@", :0: 8 <=>385 4@C385, B@C4=> >?8A0BL A;>20<8, => >= <3=>25==> C7=05BAO =0 A;CE. -B>B MDD5:B ?>;CG8; H8@>:>5 ?@8<5=5=85 2 <C7K:5 60-E 8 =0G0;0 70-E 3>4>2 2 :0G5AB25 "?A8E>45;8G5A:>9" >1@01>B:8 4;O @>:-?5A5=. $;M=465@ 72CG8B ;CGH5, 5A;8 G0AB>B0 <>4C;OF88 =525;8:0 (>:>;> 1 A), 0 3;C18=0 <>4C;OF88 GCBL 1>;LH5, G5< 4;O E>@CA0. 7<5=5=85 2@5<5=8 7045@6:8 1C45B 2;8OBL =0 2KA>BC B>=0 8 30@<>=8:8 B0:8< >1@07><, GB> ?8:8 D;M=465@0 8 ?5@5:;NG5=85 D07K >1@0B=>9 A2O78 <>3CB 40BL =>2K5 8=B5@5A=K5 72C:>2K5 @5H5=8O. 5 A;54C5B ?5@53@C60BL 2E>4 1>;LH8< :>;8G5AB2>< >1@0B=>9 A2O78, B0: :0: 4>102;5=85 55 : A83=0;C ?@>8AE>48B ?5@54 ?>ABC?;5=85< A83=0;0 2 0=0;>3>-F8D@>2>9 ?@5>1@07>20B5;L, 8 2 MB>< A;CG05 2=CB@5==89 A83=0; AB0=>28BAO A;8H:>< 1>;LH8<.  E>@>H5< CAB@>9AB25 F8D@>2>9 7045@6:8 8<55BAO :=>?:0 "hold" ("C45@60=85"). =0 :0: 1K "70<>@068205B" A83=0;, :>B>@K9 E@0=8BAO 2 ?0<OB8 CAB@>9AB20, 8 70?CA:05B 53> ?> :@C3C (:0: 2 <03=8B>D>==>< @525@15@0B>@5). >A;5 B>3>, :0: :=>?:0 =060B0, =>2K5 A83=0;K =5 4>102;ONBAO 2 ?0<OBL.  G8AB>< 2845 MB> <0;> 8A?>;L7C5BAO, => 5A;8 2 CAB@>9AB25 5ABL 1;>: ?@85<0 ?5@5:;NG0NI8E 8<?C;LA>2 (trigger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effect" (?>AK;K/2>72@0BK =0 MDD5:BK) =0 <8:H5@A:>< ?C;LB5.  >A>15==>AB8 MB> 206=>, 5A;8 2K E>B8B5 >1@01>B0BL >4=8< 8 B5< 65 MDD5:B>< =5A:>;L:> B@5:>2.  MB>< A;CG05 <>6=> CAB0=>28BL DDL 2 @568< "delay only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aux send) ?5@54 B5<, :0: =C6=>5 A;>2> =0G=5B 72CG0BL, 8 70:@KBL ?>AK; A@07C ?>A;5 B>3>, :0: >=> ?@>72CG0;>. ">340 1C45B ?>2B>@OBLAO B>;L:> MB> A;>2>. CGH5 MB> 45;0BL @53C;OB>@>< ?>AK;0 =0 MDD5:B, B0: :0: A ?><>ILN @CG:8 2>72@0B0 A MDD5:B0 =52>7<>6=> 4>18BLAO B>G=>AB8. C6=> ?><=8BL, GB> =5:>B>@K5 DDL 8A:060NB 25@E=85 G0AB>BK. >MB><C ?5@54 =0G0;>< @01>BK =04> ?@>25AB8 B5AB (:0: 8 2 A;CG05 A <03=8B>D>=><): ?>A<>B@8B5 =0 8=48:0B>@ 8 >B<5BLB5, :0:85 ?>:070=8O A>>B25BAB2CNB G8AB><C, =58A:065==><C A83=0;C. >7<>6=>, 2K >1=0@C68B5, GB> ?@8 >1@01>B:5 A8=B578@>20==KE 72C:>2 2E>4=>9 A83=0; 4>;65= 1KBL =0 10 4 <5=LH5, G5< ?@8 >1@01>B:5 2>:0;0. "> 65 >B=>A8BAO 8 : 4CE>2K< 8=AB@C<5=B0< (=0AB>OI8< 8 AM<?;8@>20==K<): 8E D>@<0 >3810NI59 8<55B >AB@K5 ?8:8, C@>25=L :>B>@KE <=>3> 1>;LH5, G5< A@54=OO 25;8G8=0, :>B>@CN ?>:07K205B 2>;LB<5B@. %>@CA - 70<5G0B5;L=K9 MDD5:B. ! =8< <>6=> 4>18BLAO ?>B@OA0NI8E CA?5E>2. = E>@>H> @01>B05B A <>=>A83=0;><, => >= 72CG8B 3>@074> 1>;55 2?5G0B;ONI5, 5A;8 ?0=>@0<8@>20BL "ACE>9" A83=0; 2 >4=C AB>@>=C, 0 A83=0; A E>@CA>< - 2 4@C3CN. -B> 8<8B8@C5B >48= 87 ?A8E>0:CAB8G5A:8E MDD5:B>2, :>B>@K9 2AB@5G05BAO 2 @50;L=>9 687=8. 2C: AB0=>28BAO >G5=L 48=0<8G=K<, 2 >A>15==>AB8 ?@8 8A?>;L7>20=88 E>@CA0 4;O >1@01>B:8 AB@C==KE, :;028H=KE, M;5:B@>38B0@ 8 M;5:B@8G5A:8E 10A-38B0@ (2 >A>15==>AB8 157;04>2KE). I5 1>;55 2?5G0B;ONI53> MDD5:B0 <>6=> 4>18BLAO, ?@8<5=82 420 MDD5:B0 "E>@CA". 064K9 87 >1@01>B0==KE A83=0;>2 ?0=>@0<8@C5BAO 2 A2>N AB>@>=C. 0;55 B@51C5BAO ?>4>1@0BL 3;C18=C 8 A:>@>ABL <>4C;OF88 4;O :064>3> A83=0;0 B0:, GB>1K >=8 =5<=>3> >B;8G0;8AL 4@C3 >B 4@C30. A:CAAB25==0O 42>9=0O 4>@>6:0 (ADT) A:CAAB25==0O 42>9=0O 4>@>6:0 ?>E>60 =0 E>@CA. @5<O 7045@6:8 4>;6=> 1KBL >:>;> 100 <A. >4C;OF8O 7045@60==>3> A83=0;0 ?>418@05BAO B0:, GB>1K <564C A83=0;0<8 1K;> =51>;LH>5 @0AE>645=85 ?> 2KA>B5. @8 ?>4<5H820=88 >1@01>B0==>3> A83=0;0 : =5>1@01>B0==><C A>7405BAO 2?5G0B;5=85, GB> 72CG0B 420 3>;>A0 8;8 420 8=AB@C<5=B0. "0:>5 8A?>;L7>20=85 DDL ?>72>;O5B 4>AB0B>G=> E>@>H> 8<8B8@>20BL =0AB>OICN 42>9=CN 4>@>6:C. ><=8B5, GB> 5A;8 2K ?>4:;NG8;8 DDL G5@57 B>G:8 ?>AK;0 =0 >1@01>B:C =0 ?C;LB5, 8 E>B8B5 A>740BL MDD5:B, :>B>@K9 O2;O5BAO A<5ALN ACE>3> 8 >1@01>B0==>3> A83=0;>2, B> A;54C5B CAB0=>28BL 10;0=A B0:, GB>1K A 2KE>40 DDL H5; B>;L:> 7045@60==K9 A83=0;, 0 =5>1@01>B0==K9 H5; B>;L:> G5@57 :0=0;. ">;L:> B0: <>6=> @53C;8@>20BL 3;C18=C MDD5:B0. 81@0B> "> 65 A0<>5, GB> 8 E>@CA, => =5 ?@>8AE>48B ?>4<5H820=8O : =5>1@01>B0==><C A83=0;C (8A?>;L7C5BAO B>;L:> 7045@60==K9). >MB><C 4;O A>740=8O MDD5:B0 "281@0B>" 8<55B A<KA; ?>4:;NG8BL DDL G5@57 B>G:C @07@K20 =0 ?C;LB5. !>25B: =5 ?5@5CA5@4AB2C9B5 A 3;C18=>9 281@0B>. >A:>;L:C MDD5:B =5 A>45@68B "ACE>3>" A83=0;0 =0 2KE>45, 2@5<O 7045@6:8 4>;6=> 2A5340 1KBL :>@>B:8< (<5=55 10 <A), B.5. 2?5G0B;5=8O > 7045@6:5 A83=0;0 =5 4>;6=> 2>7=8:0BL. !4283 D07K -B>B MDD5:B 1K; 87>1@5B5= B0:: 420 <03=8B>D>=0 A 42C<O >48=0:>2K<8 ;5=B0<8 2:;NG0;8AL =0 2>A?@>872545=85 A8=E@>==>, ?@8 MB>< C@>2=8 2KE>4=KE A83=0;>2 1K;8 >48=0:>2K. @CG=CN 70<54;O;8 ?5@2K9 8;8 2B>@>9 <03=8B>D>=, >B G53> ?@>8AE>48;0 @07A8=E@>=870F8O 8 2>7=8:0; E0@0:B5@=K9 MDD5:B A42830 D07K. 'B>1K 8<8B8@>20BL MB>B MDD5:B ?@8 ?><>I8 DDL, C1548B5AL, GB> C@>2=8 ?@O<>3> 8 7045@60==>3> A83=0;>2 >48=0:>2K. #AB0=>28B5 2@5<O 7045@6:8 >B 3 4> 10 <A 8 4>102LB5 <54;5==CN, =53;C1>:CN <>4C;OF8N. >7=8:=5B MDD5:B @072>@0G820=8O (sweep effect). He 8A?>;L7C9B5 >1@0B=CN A2O7L.  7028A8<>AB8 >B B8?0 7045@6:8 1C45B 87<5=OBLAO B>=>20O >:@0A:0 MDD5:B0. 45AL 2K 2?>;=5 <>65B5 ?>M:A?5@8<5=B8@>20BL. A;8 =5 B@51C5BAO, GB>1K @072>@0G820=85 1K;> ?>AB>O==K<, B> <>6=> 2K:;NG8BL <>4C;OF8N 8 <54;5==> ?>2>@0G820BL @CG:C "fine". -B> 1C45B ?>GB8 B>G=> A>>B25BAB2>20BL =0AB>OI5<C MDD5:BC, E>BO 8 =5 1C45B 4>AB>25@=K<, B0: :0: 2 MB>< A;CG05 2@5<O 7045@6:8 =8:>340 =5 ?5@5E>48B G5@57 =>;L, :0: 1K205B, =0?@8<5@, :>340 >48= <03=8B>D>=, :>B>@K9 4> MB>3> >BAB020;, ">13>=O5B" 4@C3>9. A;8 2K E>B8B5 ?>M:A?5@8<5=B8@>20BL, B> ?>4:;NG8B5 420 DDL, CAB0=>28B5 2@5<O 7045@6:8 5 <A 8 ?>409B5 =0 >10 2E>40 >48= 8 B>B 65 A83=0;. 53C;OB>@ "<8:A" >1>8E DDL 4>;65= 1KBL CAB0=>2;5= 2 ?>;>65=85 "delay only" ("B>;L:> 7045@60==K9 A83=0;"). KE>4=K5 A83=0;0 >1>8E DDL <8:H8@CNBAO 2 <>=>, ?@8 MB>< 8E C@>25=L 4>;65= 1KBL >48=0:>2. A;8 B5?5@L 87<5=OBL <>4C;OF8N >4=>3> 87 DDL (?@8 ?><>I8 35=5@0B>@0 8;8 2@CG=CN), B> ?>;CG8BAO A4283 D07K 8 ?5@5E>4 G5@57 =>;L. A5 MDD5:BK, 8A?>;L7CNI85 A4283 D07, ?@8<5=ONBAO 4;O >1@01>B:8 B5E 8=AB@C<5=B>2, 2 A?5:B@5 :>B>@KE 8<55BAO <=>3> 25@E=8E 30@<>=8:: 38B0@0 "48AB>@H=", AB@8=3A, @525@15@8@>20==K5 10@010=K. $;M=465@ 0G5AB2> MB>3> MDD5:B0 7028A8B >B B>G=>3> 10;0=A0 <564C >1@01>B0==K< 8 =5>1@01>B0==K< A83=0;><. CGH5 4;O =0G0;0 ?>4:;NG8BL DDL 2 B>G:C @07@K20 :0=0;0 8 ?>8A:0BL 10;0=A. >A;5 B>3>, :0: >= =0945=, <>6=> ?>4:;NG8BL MDD5:B G5@57 aux send (?>AB0@09B5AL A>E@0=8BL 10;0=A). 1@01>B0==K9 A83=0; =04> ?0=>@0<8@>20BL 2 >4=C AB>@>=C, =5>1@01>B0==K9 - 2 4@C3CN. C7K:0 AB0=5B 1>;55 48=0<8G=>9 8 A>740ABAO 2?5G0B;5=85, GB> 8AB>G=8: A83=0;0 42865BAO. $;M=465@ ?@8<5=O5BAO 4;O >1@01>B:8 ;N1>3> 8=AB@C<5=B0 8;8 3>;>A0. -DD5:B 1C45B ;CGH5, 5A;8 A0< A83=0; >AB028BL =5>1@01>B0==K<, 0 D;M=465@ ?@8<5=8BL : 53> >B72C:C. '5< 1>;LH5 >1@0B=0O A2O7L (feedback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freeze/trigger ("70<>@06820=85 A83=0;0"/"?5@5:;NG5=85"). -B> ?>72>;O5B A>E@0=8BL 2 ?0<OB8 :>@>B:CN 2>:0;L=CN D@07C 4;O ?>A;54CNI53> 2>A?@>872545=8O 8 A<5H820=8O A 70?8ALN (?CB5< =060B8O =0 :=>?:C "trigger"). -B>B ?@>F5AA =07K205BAO "spinning" 8;8 "flying in". -DD5:B ?@8<5=O5BAO, :>340 =0 ;5=B5 8<55BAO >4=0 ?@028;L=> A?5B0O D@070, :>B>@CN =04> 8A?>;L7>20BL =0 ?@>BO65=88 ?5A=8. A;8 =060BL =0 :=>?:C "trigger" 4> B>3>, :0: AM<?; :>=G8;AO, ?@>8AE>48B =>2>5 ?5@5:;NG5=85 8 2 @57C;LB0B5 53> - E0@0:B5@=K9 72C: "scratch". A;8 2 DDL 5ABL 2E>4 4;O 2=5H=53> B@8335@0, B> <>6=> 45;0BL 70?CA: >B @8B<-<0H8=K. >6=> A>740BL 8=B5@5A=>5 @8B<8G5A:>5 ME>. 0@B8O ?@>AB>3> 10A0 8;8 A8=B570B>@0 AB0=5B 1>;55 ?;>B=>9, A;>2=> 83@05B A5:25=A>@. "0:85 DC=:F88 5ABL =5 2> 2A5E DDL, => <>6=> MB>3> 4>18BLAO 8 A ?><>ILN B5E F8D@>2KE 7045@65:, C :>B>@KE 5ABL ;81> 0C48>-B@8335@, ;81> 8<?C;LA=K9 ?5@5:;NG0B5;L, ;81> ?5@5:;NG0B5;L >B . !B5@5>48;M9 !>2@5<5==K5 CAB@>9AB20 F8D@>2>9 7045@6:8 8<5NB @568< AB5@5>. >6=> 7040BL @07=>5 2@5<O 7045@6:8 4;O @07=KE :0=0;>2. A;8 ?@028;L=> 2K1@0BL 2@5<O 7045@6:8, B> 2>7=8:=5B 2?5G0B;5=85, GB> 72C: <5G5BAO ?> AB5@5>?0=>@0<5. !B5@5>48;M9 8A?>;L7C5BAO B0:65 4;O A>740=8O ADT.  MB>< A;CG05 :0=0;K 4>;6=K 8<5BL @07=>5 2@5<O 7045@6:8. ">340 1C45B A;KH=>, GB> 83@0NB B@8, 0 =5 420 8=AB@C<5=B0. >6=> B0:65 <>4C;8@>20BL A83=0;K 2 >1>8E :0=0;0E. >;55 4;8==K9 A83=0; 1C45B 8<5BL 1>;55 2K@065==CN 2KA>B=CN <>4C;OF8N. ?5G0B;5=85, GB> 8A?>;=8B5;59 B@>5, 2>7=8:05B ?>B><C, GB> 70 =8E 83@0NB B@8 A83=0;0: ;52K9, ?@02K9 8 "ACE>9". ********************* #!" !" / +!"+ " (PITCH SHIFTERS) ABC?;5=85 >;LH8=AB2> ABC489=KE CAB@>9AB2 >1@01>B:8 72C:0 8<8B8@CNB MDD5:BK, :>B>@K5 ACI5AB2CNB 2 @50;L=>9 687=8. > CAB@>9AB20 87<5=5=8O 2KA>BK B>=0 - pitch shifters - >B=>AOBAO : A>25@H5==> >A>1><C B8?C ?@>F5AA>@>2, B0: :0: B>B A83=0;, GB> ?>;CG05BAO 2 @57C;LB0B5 8E @01>BK, =5 8<55B 0=0;>30 2 ?@8@>45. ?5@2K5 CAB@>9AB2> A42830 2KA>BK B>=0 1K;> @07@01>B0=> :><?0=859 Eventide. E ?@>F5AA>@ ?>;CG8; =0720=85 "Eventide Harmonizer". !59G0A ACI5AB2C5B <=>65AB2> 4@C38E :><?0=89, 2K?CA:0NI8E :0: pitch shifters, B0: 8 <>4C;8 <C;LB8MDD5:B>2, 2 <5=N :>B>@KE 5ABL DC=:F8O 87<5=5=8O 2KA>BK B>=0. "0:8< >1@07><, A;>2> "30@<>=0975@" AB0;> =0@8F0B5;L=K< 4;O >1>7=0G5=8O ?@>F5AA>@>2 B0:>3> B8?0 (E>BO MB> >G5=L =5 =@028BAO :><?0=88 Eventide). Pitch shifter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fine tune"), ?@8 ?><>I8 :>B>@>3> <>6=> 2=5AB8 @0AAB@>9:C 2 72CG0=85 "A428=CB>3>" A83=0;0. >A:>;L:C 25;8G8=0 A42830 2 ?@>AB>< 30@<>=0975@5 >1KG=> =587<5==0, B> G8A;> ?>;57=KE 8=B5@20;>2 >3@0=8G5=>: ?0@0;;5;L=K5 :20@BK, :28=BK 8 >:B02K. 4=0:> 30@<>=0975@ MDD5:B825= 2 @01>B5 A> 2A5<8 B8?0<8 A83=0;>2: <>=>D>=8G5A:8<8, ?>;8D>=8G5A:8<8, ?5@:CAA859 8 ACAB59=><. @5645 G5< @0AA<0B@820BL, :0: ?@8<5=ONBAO CAB@>9AB20 pitch shifter 2 72C:>70?8A8, 8<55B A<KA; 703;O=CBL 2=CB@L =8E 8 ?>=OBL, :0: >=8 @01>B0NB. -B> 40AB =5:>B>@>5 ?@54AB02;5=85 > B><, :0:85 C =8E 5ABL >3@0=8G5=8O. 0@<>=0975@, :0: 8 DDL 8 @525@15@0B>@, A=0G0;0 ?5@52>48B A83=0; 2 F8D@>2>9 284. >=AB@C:F8O 2 >1I5< AE>4=0 A B5<, :0: CAB@>5=0 :>@>B:0O ;8=8O 7045@6:8, => 5ABL >4=0 >A>15==>ABL: A83=0; 70?8AK205BAO 2 ?0<OBL A D8:A8@>20==>9 A:>@>ABLN, 0 AG8BK20=85 <>65B ?@>872>48BLAO 1KAB@55 8;8 <54;5==55 - 2 7028A8<>AB8 >B B>3>, 225@E 8;8 2=87 >B=>A8B5;L=>3> 2E>4=>3> A83=0;0 4>;65= 1KBL 87<5=5= B>=. A;8 AG8BK20=85 87 ?0<OB8 ?@>8AE>48B 1KAB@55, G5< H;0 70?8AL, B> 2A5 40==K5 1C4CB 8A?>;L7>20=K 4> B>3>, :0: 2 ?0<OBL 1C4CB 22545=K =>2K5 F8D@K.  =0>1>@>B: 5A;8 AG8BK20=85 845B <54;5==55, B> =5 E20B8B 2@5<5=8 2K25AB8 2A5 40==K5. >340 45;05BAO A4283 B>=0 =0 >:B02C 225@E, B> AG8BK20=85 87 ?0<OB8 4>;6=> 84B8 2 420 @070 1KAB@55, G5< 70?8AL. -BC ?@>1;5<C =5 B0:-B> ;53:> @5H8BL. !83=0; ?>ABC?05B 2 ?0<OBL 2 2845 >G5=L :>@>B:8E A5:F89, 8 :0640O A5:F8O >1@010BK205BAO ?@5645, G5< ?>ABC?8;0 A;54CNI0O. ;8=0 A5:F88 >?@545;O5BAO 7045@6:>9 >1@01>B:8.  A;CG05, :>340 2KA>B0 B>=0 ?>2KH05BAO, A83=0;, AG8BK205<K9 87 ?0<OB8, 8A?>;L7C5BAO ?@5645, G5< 2 ?0<OBL ?>ABC?05B A;54CNI0O A5:F8O; 5A;8 ?@8 MB>< =C6=> A>E@0=8BL 2@5<5==K5 E0@0:B5@8AB8:8 (time scale), B> B@51C5BAO G5<-B> 70?>;=8BL :>@>B:89 ?@><56CB>:, ?>;CG82H89AO <564C A5:F8O<8 2 @57C;LB0B5 1>;55 2KA>:>9 A:>@>AB8 AG8BK20=8O. 0 ?@0:B8:5 MB>B ?@><56CB>: 70?>;=O5BAO ?>2B>@5=85< C65 >1@01>B0==>3> A83=0;0, B0: GB> G0ABL A83=0;0 A;KH=0 42064K. 0 ?5@2K9 273;O4 MB> <>65B ?>:070BLAO AB@0==K<, => 5A;8 A5:F88 4>AB0B>G=> :>@>B:8, ?>2B>@5=85 8E =5 2K7K205B A5@L57=>3> 87<5=5=8O D>@<K >3810NI59 A83=0;0.  A;CG05 70<54;5=8O A:>@>AB8 AG8BK20=8O ?>;CG05BAO, GB> A5:F8O =0 2KE>45 ?@>F5AA>@0 8<55B 1>;LHCN 4;8=C, G5< =C6=>. >MB><C B0:>9 A83=0; ?@5@K20NB @0=LH5, G5< >= :>=G8BAO. "5< A0<K< B5@O5BAO G0ABL 8=D>@<0F88. >, 5A;8 A5:F88 4>AB0B>G=> :>@>B:85, MB> =5 2;8O5B =0 :0G5AB2> A83=0;0. !CI5AB2C5B >4=0 ?@>1;5<0. C6=> A>1@0BL 2 548=>5 F5;>5 2A5 A5:F88 A83=0;0, =>, ?>A:>;L:C >=8 1K;8 A428=CBK ?> 2KA>B5, D>@<K 0C48>A83=0;>2 =5 A;8H:>< E>@>H> ?>4E>4OB 4@C3 : 4@C3C. >;CG05BAO M;5:B@>==K9 M:2820;5=B B>3>, :0: 5A;8 ;5=BC A D>=>3@0<<>9 A:;58BL 1>;55 100 @07 2 B5G5=85 >4=>9 A5:C=4K: 2A5 @07@K2K 2 >3810NI59 1C4CB 72CG0BL ?@8 2>A?@>872545=88 B0:>9 ;5=BK :0: I5;G:8 8;8 glitches. !CI5AB2C5B =5A:>;L:> A?>A>1>2 C<5=LH5=8O MDD5:B0 glitching. <5AB> B>3>, GB>1K ?@8A>548=OBL =0G0;> >4=>9 A5:F88 : :>=FC 4@C3>9, 45;0NB "?5@5E;5AB": C@>25=L A83=0;0 2 :>=F5 ?5@2>9 A5:F88 ?>=8605BAO, C@>25=L A83=0;0 2 =0G0;5 A;54CNI59 A5:F88 C25;8G820NB =0 BC 65 25;8G8=C. -B> ?>72>;O5B 871560BL I5;G:>2 B>G=> B0: 65, :0: MB> 45;05BAO A AM<?;0<8 (cross-fade looping). @C3>9 A?>A>1 A>AB>8B 2 B><, GB> A5:F88 ?@8A>548=ONBAO 4@C3 : 4@C3C 2 <><5=B ?5@5E>40 =0?@O65=8O G5@57 =>;L. 4=0:> MB> B@51C5B E>@>H53> ?@>3@0<<=>3> >15A?5G5=8O 8 =5 ?>72>;O5B A>25@H5==> A:@KBL =0@CH5=85 =5?@5@K2=>AB8. 07=K5 D8@<K @07@01>B0;8 A2>8 ?>4E>4K : MB>9 ?@>1;5<5, => ?@8 2K1>@5 =54>@>3>3> 30@<>=0975@0 20@80=B>2 ?>GB8 =5 ACI5AB2C5B. 065 5A;8 =5B I5;G:>2, B> ?@8ACBAB2CNB ?>1>G=K5 MDD5:BK. A;8 2K 7=05B5, :0: @01>B05B AM<?;, B> 20< 8725AB=>, GB> D>@<K 2>;= A :064>3> :>=F0 ?5B;8 (loop) 4>;6=K A>2?040BL ?> 0<?;8BC45 8 D075, 8=0G5 C@>25=L A83=0;0 1C45B <5=LH5, B0: :0: G0ABL 2>;= 2KG8B0NB 4@C3 4@C30.  AM<?;0E MB> 405B MDD5:B B@5<>;>, 0 2 30@<>=0975@0E B@5<>;> 4>AB8305B 25;8G8=K 100 F, B> 5ABL ?@>8AE>48B ?>;=0O @0AAB@>9:0. @8 =51>;LH8E A42830E MB> 5I5 =5 B0: 70<5B=>, => ?@8 A42835 =0 ?>;CB>= 8 1>;LH5 MB> AB0=>28BAO A5@L57=>9 ?@>1;5<>9. >@>385 30@<>=0975@K ;8H5=K B0:>3> =54>AB0B:0, B0: :0: 2 8E :>=AB@C:F88 8A?>;L7>20=0 =>259H0O :><?LNB5@=0O B5E=8:0. > 2 B5E <>45;OE, GB> ?@54=07=0G5=K 4;O 4><0H=59 72C:>70?8A8, 2A5340 5ABL A;KH8<K5 ?>1>G=K5 MDD5:BK, ?>MB><C ?@8 ?>:C?:5 =04> @07>1@0BLAO, 4;O G53> 40==0O <>45;L <>65B 8A?>;L7>20BLAO, 4;O G53> - =5B. >7<>6=>AB8 KH5 C65 1K;> A:070=> > @53C;OB>@0E 3@C1>3> 8 B>G=>3> A42830 (coarse, fine). > <=>38E 30@<>=0975@0E 8<55BAO 2>7<>6=>ABL C?@02;5=8O 4@C38<8 ?0@0<5B@0<8. >-?5@2KE, <>65B 8<5BLAO F5?L 7045@6:8, B> 5ABL A83=0; A 87<5=5==>9 2KA>B>9 B>=0 <>65B 1KBL 7045@60= ?> >B=>H5=8N : 2E>4=><C. -B> 8A?>;L7C5BAO 4;O 1>;55 =0BC@0;L=>3> 8<8B8@>20=8O 8A:CAAB25==>9 42>9=>9 4>@>6:8: 420 8=AB@C<5=B0 83@0NB >4=> 8 B> 65, => 5ABL =51>;LH0O @07=8F0 2> 2@5<5=8 8 2KA>B5. @5<O 7045@6:8 <>65B 1KBL B0:8< 65, :0: 2> 2A5E =54>@>38E DDL (<0:A8<C< 500 <A 8 1>;55). 53C;OB>@ "mix" ?>72>;O5B CAB0=>28BL 10;0=A <564C >1@01>B0==K< 8 =5>1@01>B0==K< A83=0;><. @8 ?>4:;NG5=88 30@<>=0975@0 G5@57 B>G:8 ?>AK;>2 =0 MDD5:BK MB>B @53C;OB>@ 4>;65= 1KBL CAB0=>2;5= B0:8< >1@07><, GB>1K =0 2KE>45 1K; B>;L:> >1@01>B0==K9 A83=0;. !CI5AB2C5B B0:65 A8AB5<0 87<5@5=8O C@>2=O 2E>4=>3> A83=0;0 (GB>1K 1K;0 2>7<>6=>ABL ?>;CG8BL >?B8<0;L=K9 C@>25=L =0 2E>45 ?@8 <8=8<0;L=KE HC<0E 8 8A:065=8OE =0 2KE>45). A;8 5ABL ;8=8O 7045@6:8, B> A:>@55 2A53> 5ABL 8 @53C;OB>@ >1@0B=>9 A2O78 - 4;O A>740=8O <=>3>G8A;5==>3> ME0, GB> 2 :><18=0F88 A 87<5=5=85< 2KA>BK B>=0 ?>72>;O5B ?>;CG8BL =5:>B>@K5 8=B5@5A=K5 MDD5:BK. #AB0=>282 A4283 2KA>BK 2E>4=>3> A83=0;0 =0 ?>;B>=0 225@E, :064>5 A;54CNI55 ME> 1C45B ?>2KH0BLAO =0 ?>;CB>= >B=>A8B5;L=> ?@54H5AB2CNI53> 4> B5E ?>@, ?>:0 =5 AB0=5B =0AB>;L:> 2KA>:8<, GB> =5 1C45B A;KH=>.  =0>1>@>B: A4283 A83=0;0 =0 ?>;B>=0 2=87 2K7>25B ?>=865=85 ME0. "0:>5 A?8@0;L=>5 87<5=5=85 B>=0, :>=5G=>, 72CG8B =55AB5AB25==>, => <>65B 1KBL 8A?>;L7>20=> 2 >A>1KE A;CG0OE. !4283 =0 G5BK@5 ?>;CB>=0 405B MDD5:B 0@?5468> C<5=LH5==>3> A5?B0::>@40. > GB>1K ?@840BL 72C:C 5420 70<5B=>5 "<5@F0=85", =C6=> =51>;LH>5 87<5=5=85 2KA>BK B>=0. >@>B:>5 2@5<O 7045@6:8 (<5=55 100 <A) ?@8405B 72C:C <5B0;;8G5A:89 >BB5=>:. A;8 745AL ?@8<5=8BL A?8@0;L=>5 ?>2KH5=85 B>=0, B> <>6=> A>25@H5==> A:@KBL =0BC@0;L=>5 72CG0=85: A;CH0B5;L =8:>340 =5 4>30405BAO, :0:>9 8=AB@C<5=B 83@05B. 065 2 =54>@>38E 30@<>=0975@0E >1KG=> 8<55BAO 2>7<>6=>ABL >4=>2@5<5==>9 CAB0=>2:8 42CE @07=KE A4283>2. "0:8< >1@07><, 5A;8 =0 2E>45 >4=0 =>B0, B> =0 2KE>45 - 0::>@4 87 B@5E. >6=> A45;0BL >:B02=>5 C42>5=85 (225@E 8 2=87). "0:85 <>45;8 >1KG=> 8<5NB @07=K5 2KE>4K 4;O :064>3> 87 87<5=5==KE 72C:>2 (30@<>=89), GB> ?>72>;O5B A>740BL 8=B5@5A=K9 AB5@5>MDD5:B. #?@02;5=85 ?>  @C385 <>45;8 C<5NB 2>7<>6=>ABL ?>;CG5=8O -8=D>@<0F88 >B A5:25=A>@0 8;8 :;0280BC@K 4;O CAB0=>2:8 25;8G8=K A42830. 1KG=> A45;0=> B0:, GB> A@54=55 "4>" =5 2K7K205B 87<5=5=8O 2KA>BK B>=0, :;028H0 "@5" A>>B25BAB2C5B ?>2KH5=8N =0 ?>;B>=0 8 B0: 40;55. -B> >7=0G05B, GB> B0 =>B0, :>B>@0O 872;5:05BAO =0 :;0280BC@5, =5 A2O70=0 =5?>A@54AB25==> A B>9 =>B>9, GB> 1C45B =0 2KE>45 30@<>=0975@0; >=0 C:07K205B B>;L:> =0 25;8G8=C A42830. -B>B A?>A>1 @01>BK ?>72>;O5B ?>;CG8BL 2 @50;L=>< 2@5<5=8 @07=>5 :>;8G5AB2> 30@<>=89. 0?@8<5@, 5A;8 8=D>@<0F8O > A42835 70;>65=0 2 A8=B570B>@5, A8=E@>=87>20==>< A ;5=B>9, B> 2>:0;L=0O ?0@B8O, 70?8A0==0O =0 ;5=B5, <>65B 1KBL >1@01>B0=0 =0 MB0?5 A2545=8O, 8 ?>;CG8BAO B@5EG0AB=0O 30@<>=8O.  ?>A;54=55 2@5<O AB0;8 ?@8<5=OBL F5?L A;565=8O 70 2KA>B>9 2E>4=>3> A83=0;0 (pitch following circuitry). 5A<>B@O =0 B>, GB> F5?L @01>B05B B>;L:> A <>=>A83=0;0<8, B0:85 30@<>=0975@K H8@>:> 8A?>;L7CNBAO. @>F5AA>@ 7=05B, :0:0O =>B0 ?>ABC?05B =0 2E>4, 8 45;05B 2KG8A;5=8O A42830, GB>1K ?>;CG8BL 7040==CN 30@<>=8N. A;8 2 :><?LNB5@5 5ABL 181;8>B5:0 ;04>2, 4>AB0B>G=> 7040BL 30@<>=0975@C :;NG 8 ;04 (B>=0;L=>ABL 8 B8? 30<<K). A5 40;L=59H55 ?@>8AE>48B 02B><0B8G5A:8: A>740NBAO ?@028;L=K5 30@<>=88 2 @50;L=>< 2@5<5=8. "5E=8G5A:85 E0@0:B5@8AB8:8  B5E=8G5A:>< >?8A0=88 30@<>=0975@0 >1KG=> C:070=>, :0:>20 <0:A8<0;L=0O 25;8G8=0 87<5=5=8O 2KA>BK B>=0, <0:A8<0;L=>5 2@5<O 7045@6:8 8 H8@8=0 ?>;>AK G0AB>B. > B0< =5 A:070=>, :0: 72CG8B 30@<>=0975@. = 72CG8B B5< ;CGH5, G5< MDD5:B82=55 @01>B05B A8AB5<0 CAB@0=5=8O glitches. >MB><C 2A5 =54>@>385 <>45;8 72CG0B ?;>E>, ?@8G5< :0640O ?>-A2>5<C. A=>2=0O ?@>1;5<0 - MDD5:B @0AAB@>9:8, 2K720==K9 <>4C;OF859 G0AB>BK A5:F88 =0 2KE>45. @8G5< MB>B MDD5:B =5;L7O CAB@0=8BL =8:0:8< @53C;OB>@><. '5< 1>;LH5 A4283, B5< EC65 MDD5:B. 0 ?@0:B8:5 MB> >7=0G05B, GB> A83=0;, A428=CBK9 1>;55 G5< =0 ?>;CB>=, 4>;65= 1KBL A<5H0= A G0ABLN =5>1@01>B0==>3> A83=0;0, GB>1K A:@KBL MDD5:B @0AAB@>9:8. -B> =5 >B=>A8BAO : C40@=K< 8 ?5@:CAA88, B0: :0: C MB8E 8=AB@C<5=B>2 A;8H:>< :>@>B:89 72C:, 8 @0AAB@>9:0 =5 1C45B A;KH=0. >>1I5, G5< A;>6=55 72C:, B5< <5=LH5 A;KH=K ?>1>G=K5 MDD5:BK. 0?@8<5@, "G8AB0O" M;5:B@>38B0@0 1C45B 8A:065=0 3>@074> A8;L=55, G5< 38B0@0 A MDD5:B>< "48AB>@H=" 8;8 "E@8?;K9" A0:A>D>=. 065 5A;8 30@<>=0975@ CAB0=02;8205B 2@5<5==K5 E0@0:B5@8AB8:8 (time scale) 2E>4=>3> A83=0;0, 72C: 2KE>4=>3> A83=0;0 1C45B 87<5=OBLAO 2 7028A8<>AB8 >B 87<5=5=8O 2KA>BK B>G=> B0: 65, :0: MB> ?@>8AE>48B ?@8 87<5=5=88 A:>@>AB8 ;5=BK. -B> >7=0G05B, GB> 3>;>A AB0=>28BAO ":C:>;L=K<" ?@8 A42835 2KA>BK 225@E =0 1>;LH>9 8=B5@20;, 8;8 45;05BAO "70<>38;L=K<" ?@8 ?>=865=88. -B> 8A?>;L7C5BAO :0: A?5FMDD5:B, => 2 >1KG=>9 <C7K:5 <0;> ?@8<5=8<>. K1>@ G0AB>B=>9 E0@0:B5@8AB8:8 7028A8B >B B>3>, 4>;65= ;8 2KE>4=>9 A83=0; 1KBL A<5H0= A =5>1@01>B0==K< 8;8 8A?>;L7C5BAO A0< ?> A515. > 2B>@>< A;CG05 A;54C5B ?@8>1@5AB8 30@<>=0975@ A ?>;>A>9 G0AB>B 12 :F. A;8 2K A>18@05B5AL 8A?>;L7>20BL A83=0; B>;L:> A<5H0==K< (:0: MB> >1KG=> 8 45;05BAO), B> :C?8B5 CAB@>9AB2> A H8@8=>9 ?>;>AK 10 :F 8;8 4065 <5=LH5. 0: 8 ?@8 2K1>@5 F8D@>2>9 7045@6:8, ?><=8B5, GB> G8A;> 18B >?@545;O5B HC< CAB@>9AB20, ?>MB><C ;CGH5 ?>:C?0BL 16-18B>2CN <>45;L. @C3>9 206=K9 D0:B>@, :>B>@K9 >:07K205B 2;8O=85 =0 :0G5AB2> @01>BK 30@<>=0975@0, - 2@5<O >1@01>B:8 (processing delay). -B0 E0@0:B5@8AB8:0 4>;6=0 1KBL 4>AB0B>G=> :>@>B:>9, GB>1K 30@<>=88 =0G8=0;8 72CG0BL 2 B>B 65 <><5=B, :>340 ?>O28;AO >A=>2=>9 A83=0;, B> 5ABL <5=55 10 <A. A;8 2@5<O >1@01>B:8 4;8==55, B> ?@8 ?><>I8 B0:>3> 30@<>=0975@0 <>6=> ?>;CG8BL E>@>HCN 8A:CAAB25==CN 42>9=CN 4>@>6:C 8;8 1KAB@>5 ME>, A;54CNI55 A@07C 70 A83=0;><; => 2K =5 A<>65B5 871028BLAO >B MB8E MDD5:B>2, :>340 >=8 20< 1C45B =5 =C6=K. !>548=5=8O 0@<>=0975@ ?>4:;NG05BAO B>G=> B0: 65, :0: DDL, B> 5ABL G5@57 ?>AK;K =0 >1@01>B:C. >72@0B <>65B 1KBL A45;0= G5@57 B>G:C 2>72@0B0 =0 ?C;LB5 8;8 G5@57 A2>1>4=K9 :0=0;. A;8 B@51C5BAO 8A?>;L7>20BL 30@<>=0975@ B>;L:> 2 >4=>< :0=0;5, B>340 8<55B A<KA; ?>4:;NG8BL 53> G5@57 B>G:C @07@K20 40==>3> :0=0;0.  MB>< A;CG05 10;0=A <564C "ACE8<" 8 >1@01>B0==K< A83=0;0<8 CAB0=02;8205BAO @53C;OB>@>< "mix" 30@<>=0975@0. A;8 30@<>=0975@ 8<55B 420 2KE>40, B> <>6=> ?>40BL A83=0; A> 2B>@>3> 2KE>40 G5@57 A2>1>4=K9 :0=0;.      081>;55 ?>?C;O@=K9 A?>A>1 8A?>;L7>20=8O 30@<>=0975@0 70:;NG05BAO 2 B><, GB> A83=0; A;53:0 @0AAB@0820NB >B=>A8B5;L=> 8AE>4=>9 2KA>BK. "5< A0<K< ?>;CG05BAO MDD5:B, ?>E>689 =0 "E>@CA". A;8 30@<>=0975@ 8<55B 420 2KE>40, =0 :064K9 87 :>B>@KE ?>ABC?05B >B45;L=0O 30@<>=8O, B> >1KG=> 45;0NB B0:: >48= 87 A83=0;>2 =5<=>3> ?>2KH0NB (=0 5-10 F5=B>2), 2B>@>9 ?>=860NB =0 B0:CN 65 25;8G8=C. >B>< A83=0;K ?0=>@0<8@CNBAO 2?@02> 8 2;52>, "ACE>9" A83=0; >AB05BAO 2 F5=B@5.  @57C;LB0B5 ?>;CG05BAO E>@>H89 E>@ ?> 2A59 AB5@5>1075. "0:>9 ?@85< G0AB> 8A?>;L7C5BAO 4;O >1@01>B:8 2>:0;0, AB@C==KE 8 4CE>2KE 8=AB@C<5=B>2. -DD5:B "E>@CA", :>B>@K9 ?>;CG05BAO =0 2KE>45 30@<>=0975@0, 72CG8B 3>@074> 1>;55 =0BC@0;L=>, G5< A83=0; A 2KE>40 <>4C;8@>20==>3> DDL 8;8 CAB@>9AB20 "E>@CA", B0: :0: 30@<>=0975@ =5 2=>A8B <>4C;OF88 2KA>BK 72C:0 (2>;=>>1@07=>3> 87<5=5=8O). !83=0; A 2KE>40 30@<>=0975@0 2A5340 GCBL 2KH5 8;8 GCBL =865, G5< "ACE>9" A83=0;, :0: MB> G0AB> 1K205B, :>340 420 8=AB@C<5=B0, 83@0NI85 >4=> 8 B> 65, =5<=>3> @0AAB@>5=K 4@C3 >B=>A8B5;L=> 4@C30.  B><, :0: A>740BL 8A:CAAB25==K9 401;-B@5:, C65 1K;> @0AA:070=> 2 3;025 > ;8=8OE F8D@>2>9 7045@6:8. >6=> A45;0BL B> 65 A0<>5 ?@8 ?><>I8 30@<>=0975@0, ?@8<5=82 7045@6:C 87<5=5==KE A83=0;>2 >B 20 4> 100 <A, ?@8G5< 4;O :064>3> A83=0;0 4>;6=0 1KBL A2>O 25;8G8=0 2@5<5=8 7045@6:8. @58<CI5AB2> MB>3> A?>A>10 70:;NG05BAO 2 B><, GB> 4065 45H52K9 30@<>=0975@ A?@028BAO A MB>9 7040G59 157 ?@>1;5< (@0AAB@>9:0 A;8H:>< <0;0, GB>1K 2>7=8:;8 ?>1>G=K5 MDD5:BK). >2KH5=85 =0 =5A:>;L:> ?>;CB>=>2 ?>72>;8B A>740BL ?0@0;;5;L=K5 30@<>=88, => MB> <0;> 8A?>;L7C5BAO 2 <C7K:5, :@><5 B5E A;CG052, :>340 MB8 8=B5@20;K - >:B02K, :20@BK 8;8 :28=BK. >;55 A;>6=K5 30@<>=88 <>3CB 1KBL A>740=K ?@8 ?><>I8 30@<>=0975@0, C?@02;O5<>3> -A5:25=A>@>< 8;8 -:;0280BC@>9. >2>5 ?>:>;5=85 "C<=KE" 30@<>=0975@>2 A> 2AB@>5==K< CAB@>9AB2>< A;565=8O 70 2KA>B>9 2E>4=>3> A83=0;0 <>3CB 02B><0B8G5A:8 A>74020BL ?@028;L=K5 30@<>=88. > >=8 <>3CB @01>B0BL B>;L:> A <>=>-A83=0;>< =0 2E>45. A;8 =0 2E>4 B0:>3> 30@<>=0975@0 ?>ABC?05B A83=0; A> A;>6=>9 D>@<>9 >3810NI59, >=8 <>3CB =5 A?@02;OBLAO A> A2>59 7040G59. 48=AB25==>5 ?@58<CI5AB2> B0:>3> 30@<>=0975@0 A>AB>8B 2 B><, GB> ?@8 @01>B5 A =8< =5 B@51C5BAO >A>1>3> <C7K:0;L=>3> >1@07>20=8O. C6=> B>;L:> 7040BL B>=0;L=>ABL 8 B8? 30<<K.  >AB0;L=>< 65 MDD5:B82=>ABL @01>BK >3@0=8G5=0 30<<0<8, 8<5NI8<8AO 2 ?0<OB8, 8 B5< D0:B><, GB> 30@<>=870F8O 2A5 65 ?>;CG05BAO =5 A>2A5< B0:0O, :0: MB> A45;0; 1K 682>9 <C7K:0=B. =B5@20;K 2 >:B02C <>3CB 1KBL A<5H0=K A 8AE>4=K< A83=0;><, ?@8G5< 8E C@>25=L 4>;65= 1KBL <5=LH5, - GB>1K 4>1028BL 10A>2 2 >1;0ABL =87:8E G0AB>B, 8;8 2KA>:8E G0AB>B 2 25@E=89 :@09 480?07>=0.  A;CG05 A 2>:0;>< C@>25=L 30@<>=89 4>;65= 1KBL >G5=L <0;, 8=0G5 3>;>A 1C45B 72CG0BL 8A:CAAB25==>. >102;5=85 >:B02K A=87C - >G5=L ?>?C;O@=>5 A@54AB2> 4;O >1@01>B:8 M;5:B@>38B0@K. -B> 72CG8B B0:, :0: 5A;8 1K 10A-38B0@0 83@0;0 @8DK 2<5AB5 A ;845@-38B0@>9. >102;5=85 >:B02K A25@EC 405B MDD5:B M;5:B@>==>9 12-AB@C==>9 38B0@K. > C@>25=L >1@01>B0==>3> A83=0;0 4>;65= 1KBL <=>3> <5=LH5 C@>2=O "ACE>3>", 8=0G5 @0AAB@>9:0 1C45B A;KH=0. ">;L:> >G5=L A;>6=K5 30@<>=0975@K =5 8<5NB ?>1>G=KE MDD5:B>2, => >=8 4>@>3> AB>OB. >102;5=85 ?0@0;;5;L=KE :28=B 8 :20@B : ?0@B88 4CE>2KE 8=AB@C<5=B>2 72CG8B 8=B5@5A=>. CGH5 MB> 45;0BL A @57:8<8 72C:0<8, 0 =5 A G8ABK<8, 4;OI8<8AO. 1;0ABL, 345 ?@8<5=5=85 30@<>=0975@0 ?>;=>ABLN >?@0240;> A51O, - >1@01>B:0 C40@=KE. 5B>4 1K; 87>1@5B5= ">=8 8A:>=B8 2 @01>B5 =04 0;L1><>< M2840 >C8 "Let's Dance". @8 ?><>I8 30@<>=0975@0 1K; A>740= 3;C1>:89 72C: <0;>3> 10@010=0: 2 <8:A 4>102;O;0AL 30@<>=8O, A428=CB0O 2=87 >B=>A8B5;L=> 8AE>4=>9 2KA>BK A83=0;0, ?>A;5 G53> =0 A;CE ?>418@0;0AL B>G=0O =0AB@>9:0 (A4283). 5:>B>@>5 2@5<O >1@01>B:8 (processing delay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time code, 8 2) A5:25=A>@ ?>AK;05B 8=AB@C:F88 > A<5=5 ?@>3@0<<K 2 =C6=K5 <><5=BK 2@5<5=8. ;O =0G0;0 MB8 <><5=BK =04> 70?@>3@0<<8@>20BL. >;LH8=AB2> -C?@02;O5<>9 0??0@0BC@K 8<55B B0: =07K205<CN :0@BC @0A?@545;5=8O (assignment table). -B> ?>72>;O5B, A45;0BL B0:, GB> ;N1>5 A>>1I5=85  > A<5=5 B5<1@0 1C45B 2K7K20BL ;N1CN ?@>3@0<<C. A;8 C 20A MB>3> =5B, B> B5<1@ 10 2A5340 1C45B 2K7K20BL ?@>3@0<<C 10, 8 B0: 40;55.  ABC489=>9 @01>B5 B0:8E ?@>1;5< =5 2>7=8:05B, B0: :0: 2A5340 <>6=> 70?8A0BL B> 87<5=5=85 ?@>3@0<<K, :>B>@>5 B@51C5BAO, 2 A5:25=A>@: A8AB5<0 A>74020;0AL A CG5B>< B@51>20=89 "682>3>" 8A?>;=5=8O, ?>MB><C >?@545;5==K5 B5<1@K :;0280BC@K <>3CB 1KBL =07=0G5=K 4;O @01>BK A MDD5:B0<8, 8<5NI8<8 4@C3>9 =><5@ ?@>3@0<<K. @8 @01>B5 A A5:25=A>@>< "682L5<" 8;8 2 ABC488 A>25@H5==> =5>1O70B5;L=> 45;0BL ?5@5?@8A2>5=85 =><5@>2. 564C ?@>G8<, >4=8 ?@>872>48B5;8 ?@54;030NB :>;8G5AB2> -?@>3@0<< >B 0 4> 126, 0 4@C385 - >B 1 4> 127. "0:8< >1@07><, <>65B ?>;CG8BLAO, GB> 2K 2K18@05B5 B5<1@ 11 =0 :;0280BC@5, 0 =0 20H5< DDL 2K7K205BAO ?@>3@0<<0 10. @8E>48BAO CG8BK20BL MBC >A>15==>ABL ?@8 ?@>3@0<<8@>20=88 A5:25=A>@0. @8 @01>B5 A  CAB@>9AB2> MDD5:B>2 ?>4:;NG05BAO B0: 65, :0: A8=B570B>@, AM<?;5@ 8;8 @8B<-<0H8=0. "@51C5BAO 7040BL =><5@ -:0=0;0, ?@8 MB>< >= 4>;65= 1KBL A2>1>45= (B> 5ABL =5 8A?>;L7C5BAO 4;O C?@02;5=8O 4@C38< 8=AB@C<5=B><). A;8 2K ?>4:;NG05B5 =5A:>;L:> MDD5:B>2, C?@02;O5<KE G5@57 , B> =C6=> C1548BLAO, GB> >=8 @01>B0NB =0 @07=KE :0=0;0E, 8=0G5 2A5 >=8 87<5=OB =><5@ ?@>3@0<<K >4=>2@5<5==>. 0A?@545;82 -:0=0;K, <>6=> 83@0BL ?5A=N 8 2AB02;OBL 2 A?8A>: @540:B8@>20=8O A5:25=A>@0 (edit list) 8=AB@C:F88 > A<5=5 ?@>3@0<<K 2 B5E <5AB0E, 345 MB> B@51C5BAO. 0?@8<5@, 20< =04>, GB>1K :>@>B:0O @525@15@0F8O 1K;0 2 A0<>< =0G0;5 ?5A=8, 0 ?>B>< - 2 ?@8?520E - 4>;6=0 1KBL 1>;55 4;8==0O. 0: MB> A45;0BL - 7028A8B >B B8?0 A5:25=A>@0. @>I5 2A53> ?>4:;NG8BL :;0280BC@C, :>B>@0O 40AB ?@O<>9 4>ABC? : 87<5=5=8N =><5@0 B5<1@0, 8 2:;NG8BL A5:25=A>@ =0 70?8AL.  B>B <><5=B, :>340 2K 2K15@5B5 =>2K9 B5<1@ =0 :;0280BC@5, 53> =><5@ 70?8H5BAO 2 ?0<OBL A5:25=A>@0. 01>B0O >?8A0==K< 2KH5 A?>A>1><, =04> CG8BK20BL =5A:>;L:> >A>15==>AB59. >-?5@2KE, 2 F5?L =5 A;54C5B 2:;NG0BL 1>;55 42CE 8;8 B@5E -<>4C;59 (G5@57 @07J5<K MIDI Thru), B0: :0: MB> ?@82545B : 8A:065=8N -A83=0;0, 8 >B MB>3> <>3CB 1KBL A0<K5 =5>6840==K5 25I8: 2K?045=85 =>B 8 B.4. >;55 =0456=K9 A?>A>1 - 8A?>;L7>20BL MIDI Thru box. >-2B>@KE, 1>;LH8=AB2> -MDD5:B>2 =5 <>3CB ?5@5:;NG0BLAO A >4=>9 ?@>3@0<<K =0 4@C3CN <><5=B0;L=>. 0 :>@>B:>5 2@5<O 2KE>4=>9 A83=0; <>65B ?@5:@0B8BLAO, ?>:0 A8AB5<0 <5=O5B ?@>3@0<<C. 'B>1K 871560BL MB>9 ?@>1;5<K, A;54C5B 45;0BL 87<5=5=85 =><5@0 B5<1@0 2> 2@5<O ?0C7 2 ?0@B88 40==>3> 8=AB@C<5=B0; 2 7028A8<>AB8 >B B8?0 CAB@>9AB20, 2@5<O <>65B 1KBL 1 A 8 1>;LH5. A;8 65 C 20A 8<55BAO CAB@>9AB2> MDD5:B>2 A >G5=L 2KA>:8< 1KAB@>459AB285<, B> 20< ?>257;>, 8 2K A<>65B5 ?@8<5=OBL ?>A;54>20B5;L=> =5A:>;L:> @07=KE B8?>2 @525@15@0F88 2 >4=>9 B>;L:> ?0@B88, =0?@8<5@, <0;>3> 10@010=0 ("gated reverb" =0 ?>A;54=NN G5B25@BL :064>3> B0:B0, 4@C385 ?@>3@0<<K - 2 4@C385 <><5=BK). @8 ?><>I8  <>6=> =5 B>;L:> 87<5=OBL ?@>3@0<<K, => 8 2:;NG0BL/2K:;NG0BL MDD5:BK (>1KG=> ?@>3@0<<0 00). #?@02;5=85 ?0@0<5B@0<8 5:>B>@K5 CAB@>9AB20 MDD5:B>2 ?@54CA<0B@820NB 2>7<>6=>ABL C?@02;5=8O @07;8G=K<8 ?0@0<5B@0<8 >B -:;0280BC@K - =0?@8<5@, :>;5A> pitch bend <>65B @53C;8@>20BL 2@5<O 7045@6:8 DDL 8;8 3;C18=C MDD5:B0 "E>@CA". -B> B>65 <>6=> 70?8A0BL 2 ?0<OBL A5:25=A>@0. @8 MB>< ?><=8B5, GB> 48=0<8G5A:85 87<5=5=8O 70=8<0NB 1>;LH5 :><?LNB5@=>9 ?0<OB8, G5< ?@>ABK5 87<5=5=8O ?@>3@0<<K. >=:@5B=K9 A?>A>1 C?@02;5=8O ?0@0<5B@0<8 7028A8B >B B8?0 CAB@>9AB20 >1@01>B:8, ?>MB><C ?>G8B09B5 >?8A0=85.  =0AB>OI55 2@5<O =0 @K=:5 ?>O28;8AL CAB@>9AB20, :>B>@K5, 1C4CG8 2:;NG5=K 2 B>G:C @07@K20, <>3CB 45;0BL MIDI-muting 8;8 (1>;55 4>@>385) - ?>72>;ONB C?@02;OBL C@>2=5< A83=0;0 (8;8 4065 M:20;0975@><) ?@8 ?><>I8 . >;LH8=AB2> C?@02;O5BAO A5:25=A>@><, 8 5A;8 53> A8=E@>=87>20BL A ;5=B>9, B> <>6=> @53C;8@>20BL C@>25=L A83=0;0, 84CI53> A ;5=BK. 0?@8<5@, ?@>AB>5 703;CH5=85 (mute) 8A?>;L7C5BAO 4;O B>3>, GB>1K >B:;NG8BL B@5: 4> =0G0;0 =0 =5< <C7K:0;L=>9 ?0@B88 (?>72>;O5B CAB@0=8BL ;8H=85 HC<K); <>6=> 2:;NG0BL 8 2K:;NG0BL ?>AK;K =0 >1@01>B:C 8 2>72@0BK. @8 ?><>I8 A8AB5<K mute <>6=> ?>;CG8BL 02B><0B8G5A:85 C@>2=8 8 02B><0B8G5A:89 M:20;0975@, ?>4020O >48= 8 B>B 65 A83=0; 2 420 :0=0;0 ?C;LB0 8 ?5@5E>4O >B >4=>3> : 4@C3><C 2 =C6=>9 B>G:5 2:;NG5=85< >4=>3> 8 >B:;NG5=85< 4@C3>3> (mute). >;CG0BAO @07=K5 C@>2=8, @07=K5 G0AB>B=K5 E0@0:B5@8AB8:8 2 42CE :0=0;0E. -B> 405B 381:>ABL 2 @01>B5. >;LH8=AB2> B0:8E -2A?><>30B5;L=KE CAB@>9AB2 @01>B05B ?> A8AB5<5 "snapshot": 2K CAB0=02;8205B5 :><18=0F8N mutes (8;8 C@>2=59) 8 ?@8A208205B5 MB><C =01>@C =><5@ B5<1@0 . >A;5 G53> <>6=> A>740BL 4@C3CN :><18=0F8N CAB0=>2>: 8 ?@8A2>8BL 4@C3>9 =><5@, 8 B0: 40;55. > 2@5<O A2545=8O CAB0=>2:8 2K7K20NBAO 2 =C6=>9 ?>A;54>20B5;L=>AB8 ?@8 ?><>I8 -8=D>@<0F88 > A<5=5 B5<1@0 B>G=> B0: 65, :0: 2K <>3;8 1K <5=OBL B5<1@ A8=B570B>@0 8;8 ?5@5:;NG0BL ?@>3@0<<C 2 -MDD5:B5. ****************************************************** "%  .! / "@>4NA8@>20=85" - ?>=OB85 4>AB0B>G=> 381:>5.  =0AB>OI55 2@5<O >=> >7=0G05B @07=K5 25I8 4;O @07=KE ;N459. !B@>3> 3>2>@O, ?@>4NA5@ >B25G05B 70 :><<5@G5A:89 CA?5E ?5A=8, 0 B0:65 =01;N405B 70 ?@>F5AA>< 70?8A8, GB> 2:;NG05B ?@>25@:C, GB> 25AL ?@>5:B =5 2KE>48B 70 @0<:8 1N465B0. @C38<8 A;>20<8, @01>B0 ?@>4NA5@0 >1J548=O5B 2 A515 187=5A 8 B2>@G5AB2>, ?@8G5< B2>@G5AB2> :0: B5E=8G5A:>5, B0: 8 <C7K:0;L=>5.  40==>9 :=835 @5GL ?> 1>;LH59 G0AB8 ?>945B > B2>@G5A:8E 0A?5:B0E @01>BK ?@>4NA5@0 (E>BO 4065 8E B@C4=> ?5@5G8A;8BL 2A5). 4=8 ?@>4NA5@K >3@0=8G820NB A2>5 CG0AB85 =5A:>;L:8<8 ?>4A:07:0<8 ?> E>4C 70?8A8. @C385 <>3CB ?><5=OBL G0AB8 ?5A=8 <5AB0<8, 87<5=8BL 8=AB@C<5=B>2:C 8;8 4065 CG0AB2>20BL 2 70?8A8, 8A?>;L7CO A5:25=A>@K, AM<?;5@K 8 B.4. >@<0 - 345-B> ?>A5@548=5. > E>@>H89 ?@>4NA5@ 2A5340 4>;65= >1J5:B82=> A<>B@5BL =0 @01>BC 8 =0 MB>< >A=>20=88 ?@8=8<0BL <C7K:0;L=K5 @5H5=8O. !CI5AB2CNB ?@>4NA5@K, :>B>@K5 "701530NB" =0 ABC48N 2A53> =0 =5A:>;L:> <8=CB 2 45=L. >65B ?>:070BLAO, GB> >=8 ?@8=8<0NB <0;> CG0AB8O 2 @01>B5, ?>A:>;L:C ?@>2>4OB 1>;LHCN G0ABL 2@5<5=8 2=5 ABC488. > MB> =5 B0:. @8 @01>B5 2 ABC488 ?@>4NA5@ 4>;65= "8<5BL ?>4E>4" : ;N4O<. @>F5AA 70?8A8 2 ABC488 <>65B 1KBL >G5=L AB@5AA>2K<, =5@54:> 2>7=8:0NB 2A?KH:8. !?>A>1=>ABL A>740BL B0:CN 0B<>AD5@C, 2 :>B>@>9 8 <C7K:0=B0<, 8 8=65=5@0< @01>B0 4>AB02;O5B @04>ABL, 8<55B 3@><04=>5 7=0G5=85, :>B>@>5 =5;L7O =54>>F5=820BL. 0 4><0H=59 ABC488 (8;8 <0;5=L:>9 G0AB=>9 ABC488) 8=65=5@ 8 ?@>4NA5@ =5@54:> - >4=> 8 B> 65 ;8F>. -B> <>65B 8<5BL :0: ?;NAK, B0: 8 <8=CAK. @58<CI5AB2> 745AL 2 B><, GB> ?@>4NA5@C =5 ?@8E>48BAO 4>;3> 2B>;:>2K20BL 8=65=5@C, GB> 8<5==> >= E>B5; 1K CA;KH0BL. 54>AB0B>: - 2 B><, GB> =5@54:> 1K205B B@C4=> >AB020BLAO >1J5:B82=K<, :>340 ?>AB>O==> 4C<05HL > B5E=8G5A:>9 AB>@>=5 70?8A8. @8 @01>B5 3@C??>9 ?@5645 2A53> =5>1E>48<> A;CH0BL. KOA=8B5, :0:85 8=AB@C<5=BK >=8 A>18@0NBAO 8A?>;L7>20BL 8 :0:>9 MDD5:B >=8 E>BOB A>740BL. A;8 8<55BAO 45<>-70?8AL :>=:@5B=>9 ?5A=8, ?>A;CH09B5 53> 2=8<0B5;L=>. 5 8<55B 7=0G5=8O :0G5AB2> 70?8A8: 4065 5A;8 MB> 2A53> ;8HL ?@>AB0O 70?8AL @5?5B8F88, >=0 40AB 20< ?@54AB02;5=85 > AB@C:BC@5 ?5A=8 8 8=AB@C<5=B>2:5. @0=68@>2:0 &5;L MB>9 3;02K - >?8A0BL =5A:>;L:> E>@>H> 70@5:><5=4>202H8E A51O A?>A>1>2 @01>BK, 0 B0:65 @0AA:070BL > ?CBOE 40;L=59H53> @0728B8O. '5< 1>;LH5 2@5<5=8 2K A<>65B5 C45;8BL M:A?5@8<5=BC, B5< 1>;55 ?>43>B>2;5==K< 2K >:065B5AL : =0G0;C 1>;55 >B25BAB25==>9 @01>BK, :>B>@0O <>65B =5>6840==> 2>7=8:=CBL.  ?><=8B5: =5 8<55B 7=0G5=8O, =0A:>;L:> 2K >?KB=K; 2K 2A5340 4>;6=K ?@>4>;60BL CG8BLAO =>2><C. 5 ACI5AB2C5B ?@028;L=KE 8 =5?@028;L=KE A?>A>1>2 =0?8A0=8O, 0@0=68@>2:8 8 70?8A8 ?>?-?5A=8. 4=0:> 1>;LH8=AB2> <C7K:0=B>2 ?@5:@0A=> 284OB 87JO=K 2 GC6>9 @01>B5. A=>2=K5 =54>AB0B:8 0@0=68@>2:8 <>3CB A>AB>OBL 2 4;8=5 >B45;L=KE G0AB59 ?5A=8: 4;8==K5 8 B5< A0<K< A:CG=K5 2ABC?;5=8O; :C?;5BK 8 2ABC?;5=8O A;8H:>< 4;8==K 8;8 A;8H:>< :>@>B:8; 2AB02:8 8 ?@>83@KH8 A;8H:>< 4;8==K 8 =58=B5@5A=K. -B> <>65B ?>:070BLAO A0<> A>1>9 @07C<5NI8<AO, => >G5=L <=>3> ?5A5= 1K;8 8A?>@G5=K 254CI8< @8D><, 83@0NI8< A:2>7L :C?;5B 8 ?@8?52, 8;8 A:CG=>9, CB><8B5;L=>9 ?>A;54>20B5;L=>ABLN 0::>@4>2, :>B>@0O ?>2B>@O5BAO G5BK@5 8;8 2>A5<L @07 ?5@54 :064K< ?@8?52><. @C??0 >G5=L ;53:> <>65B 2?0ABL 2 B0:CN >H81:C, ?>A:>;L:C <C7K:0=BK A;KH0B ?5A=N =5 B0:, :0: 8E 0C48B>@8O. @C30O >H81:0, G0AB> 2AB@5G0NI0OAO 2 0@0=68@>2:5 - A;8H:>< <=>3> 8=AB@C<5=B>2 83@05B >4=>2@5<5==>. "5< 3@C155 >H81:0, :>340 420 8;8 1>;55 8=AB@C<5=B0 70=8<0NB >4=C 8 BC 65 G0ABL 0C48> A?5:B@0 8 83@0NB A >48=0:>2>9 48=0<8:>9. ">340 8=AB@C<5=B AB0=>28BAO ?;>E> C7=0205<K<, =5 2K45;O5BAO 72CG0=85< 87 4@C38E, GB> ?@82>48B : <CB=><C, "70:@KB><C" A0C=4C. 0G5AB2> 2A53> <8:A0 A>AB>8B 2 B><, GB> A;CH0B5;L <>65B ;53:> A;KH0BL ;N1>9 8=AB@C<5=B, 0 =5 2 B><, GB> 53> ?>402;O5B ?;>B=0O AB5=0 72C:0. 065 EM28-<5B0;;8G5A:0O ?5A=O <>65B 1KBL B0: A45;0=0 (E>BO, :>=5G=>, 2=CH8BL MBC <KA;L <C7K:0=B0< =5 B0:-B> ?@>AB>). 0AA<>B@8< ?@8<5@: 425 @8B<-38B0@K, >15 M;5:B@8G5A:85, >15 8A?>;L7CNB >48=0:>2K9 MDD5:B "48AB>@H=". ?@545;5==K5 B8?K MDD5:B0 "48AB>@H=" ?@8 8A?>;L7>20=88 A >4=>9 38B0@>9 ?@840NB 8=AB@C<5=BC 03@5AA82=K9, @56CI89 72C:, :>B>@K9 1C45B 2K45;OBL 38B0@C 87 >1I53> 8=AB@C<5=B0;0. > =5 157 A2>8E ?@>1;5<. @5645 2A53>, ?@8AB02:0 "48AB>@H=" @01>B05B 0=0;>38G=> :><?@5AA>@C, ?>445@6820O >48=0:>2K9 C@>25=L 72C:0. >-2B>@KE, >=0 4>102;O5B <=>3> =>2KE, 2KA>:>G0AB>B=KE 30@<>=8:, :>B>@K5 <>3CB ?>?0ABL 2 B5 >1;0AB8 0C48>-A?5:B@0, :>B>@K5 70=OBK 4@C38<8 8=AB@C<5=B0<8, B5< A0<K< 45;0O 8E 72CG0=85 <5=55 >?@545;5==K<. A;8 C 20A 8<5NBAO 425 >48=0:>2> 72CG0I85 M;5:B@>38B0@K A MDD5:B>< "48AB>@H=", >=8 1C4CB A;820BLAO <564C A>1>9, AB0=CB =5@0A?>7=0205<K<8, 0 87-70 =0;8G8O 1>;LH>3> :>;8G5AB20 30@<>=8: 25AL G0AB>B=K9 480?07>= 1C45B 70=OB ?@5645, G5< 2K 4>1028;8 4@C385 8=AB@C<5=BK. =0;>38G=K5 ?@>1;5<K 2>7=8:0NB A A8=B578@>20==K<8 72C:0<8. >MB><C >G5=L 206=> =09B8 B0:CN :><18=0F8N B5<1@>2, :>B>@0O =5 B>;L:> E>@>H> 72CG8B, => B0:65 >AB02;O5B <5AB> 4;O 4@C38E 72C:>2, :>B>@K5 2K A>18@05B5AL 8A?>;L7>20BL. -B> =5 2A5340 B0: ?@>AB>, :0: :065BAO =0 ?5@2K9 273;O4, ?>A:>;L:C 1>;LH8=AB2> A8=B570B>@>2 A>45@60B ?@5A5BK (D01@8G=K5 =01>@K B5<1@>2), :>B>@K5 1K;8 A?5F80;L=> @07@01>B0=K 4;O B>3>, GB>1K ?@>8725AB8 2?5G0B;5=85 =0 ?>:C?0B5;O (254L 2 <03078=5 2K ?@>1C5B5 8E 157 0::><?0=5<5=B0). AB02LB5 B0:>9 ?@5A5B 2 <8:A: =025@=O:0 2K >1=0@C68B5, GB> 25AL A?5:B@ 70=OB 8<. 'B>1K ?><5AB8BL 8=AB@C<5=BK 2 @07=K5 G0AB8 0C48>-A?5:B@0 A <8=8<0;L=K< ?5@5:@KB85< ?> G0AB>B0< (B0:, GB>1K :064K9 8=AB@C<5=B 1K; E>@>H> A;KH5=), ?@>4NA5@K 8A?>;L7CNB A;54CNI89 A?>A>1: 10A-38B0@0 8 10A-10@010= 70=8<0NB =86=NN G0ABL A?5:B@0, B0@5;:8 - A0<K9 25@E. "0:8< >1@07><, 5A;8 2K E>B8B5 4>1028BL GB>-B> 5I5 2 A0<K9 25@E (A:065<, =5:89 @8AC=>:, 83@05<K9 A5:25=A>@><, A B5<1@>< :>;>:>;LG8:>2), B> 8<55B A<KA; =5 83@0BL G5B25@B8 2 :064>< B0:B5 =0 B0@5;:5 "@094" 2 B5G5=85 2A59 ?5A=8. 'B> :0A05BAO 10A0 8 10@010=>2, B> 8E 0@0=68@>2:>9 =C6=> 70=OBLAO A A0<>3> =0G0;0. 8B< O2;O5BAO >A=>2>9 4;O 1>;LH8=AB20 A>2@5<5==KE ?>?-?5A5=. >MB><C 2@5<O, C45;5==>5 @8B<-A5:F88, 4>;6=> MB><C A>>B25BAB2>20BL. -B> :0A05BAO B0:65 A8=B570B>@>2, AM<?;5@>2 8 @8B<-<0H8=, 8 4065 >1KG=KE 8=AB@C<5=B>2. A5340 5ABL A>1;07= 4>1028BL <=>3> @525@15@0F88 =0 MB0?5 <8:H8@>20=8O. > ?>A;CH09B5 =5A:>;L:> =081>;55 C40G=KE ?>?-?5A5=, 8 2K C2848B5, =0A:>;L:> =5=02O7G820 2 =8E @525@15@0F8O. '0AB> 2?>;=5 4>AB0B>G=> "A=OBL ACE>9 :@09", 8 =5 1>;LH5. 2C: 10A-38B0@K, :0: ?@028;>, ?>GB8 =5 >1@010BK20NB. 5<=>3> @525@15@0F88 4>102;O5BAO, 5A;8 8A?>;L7>20= 157;04>2K9 8=AB@C<5=B, 2 >A>15==>AB8 2 <54;5==KE ?@>872545=8OE. >?@>1C9B5 C1@0BL =87:>G0AB>B=CN A>AB02;ONICN 2 @525@15@0F88 ?CB5< ?>4:;NG5=8O @525@15@0B>@0 G5@57 420 A2>1>4=KE :0=0;0 <8:H5@0, 8 8A?>;L7C9B5 M:20;0975@. -B> ?@54>B2@0B8B "70<CB=5=85" 10A>2>9 >1;0AB8. 0A ?>GB8 2A5340 ?><5I05BAO 2 F5=B@ ?0=>@0<K, 8 =0 B> 8<5NBAO A2>8 ?@8G8=K. 87:>G0AB>B=K5 72C:8 =5ACB >A=>2=CN 72C:>2CN M=5@38N, 8 55 8<55B A<KA; @0A?@545;8BL @02=><5@=> 2 >10 :0=0;0. @><5 B>3>, A;8H:>< =87:85 72C:8 ?@8 ?5@5<5I5=88 87 :0=0;0 2 :0=0; ?;>E> >BA;56820NBAO =0 A;CE, B.5. A;CH0B5;L =025@=O:0 ?>GB8 =5 70<5B8B, GB> 10A ?5@5<5I05BAO. A:;NG5=85 87 MB>3> ?@028;0 - 10A>20O ?0@B8O, AK3@0==0O A;M?><, B0: :0: 87-70 =0;8G8O 4>AB0B>G=>3> G8A;0 2KA>:8E G0AB>B ?@85< "A;M?" ?>72>;O5B 4>=5AB8 0C48>-8=D>@<0F8N > ?>;>65=88 8AB>G=8:0 72C:0. 4=0:> ?><=8B5 > @0A?@545;5=88 72C:>2>9 M=5@388. CGH5 2A53> - ?><5AB8BL 10A 2 F5=B@5. @8<5=5=85 MDD5:B0 "E>@CA" B0:65 ?><>305B C;CGH8BL 72CG0=85 157;04>2>9 10A-38B0@K (0 8=>340 4065 8 >1KG=>3> 8=AB@C<5=B0). ;C18=0 <>4C;OF88 4>;6=0 1KBL 4>AB0B>G=> =87:>9 (:@><5 B5E A;CG052, :>340 20< =C6=> A>740BL :@09=5 8A:CAAB25==K9 72C:). A;8 C 20A <>=>D>=8G5A:0O ?@8AB02:0 "E>@CA", B> 2K <>65B5 A83=0; A 55 2KE>40 ?><5AB8BL 2 >4=C AB>@>=C ?0=>@0<K, 0 =5>1@01>B0==K9 72C: 10A-38B0@K - 2 4@C3CN. -B> A>740AB 2?5G0B;5=85 > H8@8=5 AB5@5>107K 8 >4=>2@5<5==> A10;0=A8@C5B 72CG0=85 10A0 (1>;55 8;8 <5=55 @>2=>) <564C 42C<O 3@><:>3>2>@8B5;O<8. A;8 ?@8AB02:0 "E>@CA" - AB5@5>D>=8G5A:0O, B> ?><5AB8B5 =5>1@01>B0==K9 72C: 2 F5=B@, 0 >10 2KE>40 @0A?@545;8B5 G5B:> =0?@02> 8 =0;52>. =8<0=85: =5:>B>@K5 AB5@5>-?@8AB02:8 =0 A0<>< 45;5 =5 O2;ONBAO B0:>2K<8, 0 2A53> ;8HL 8<8B8@CNB MDD5:B AB5@5> ?CB5< 8=25@A8@>20=8O D07K 7045@60==>3> A83=0;0 2> 2B>@>< 2KE>45. -B> 2A5 @02=> 72CG8B E>@>H>, >4=0:> 5A;8 ?@02K9 8 ;52K9 A83=0;K AC<<8@CNBAO 2 <>=>, MDD5:B 8AG5705B, 8 2K >?OBL >AB05B5AL A >4=8< B>;L:> "ACE8<" 72C:><. A;8 A><=5205B5AL - ?><5AB8B5 A83=0;K A >1>8E 2KE>4>2 2 F5=B@ ?0=>@0<K 8 ?>A<>B@8B5, 8<55BAO ;8 MDD5:B "E>@CA". A;8 40, B> 20H0 ?@8AB02:0 - =0AB>OI0O AB5@5>D>=8G5A:0O. 065 5A;8 ?@8 70?8A8 10A0 C65 1K;0 ?@8<5=5=0 :><?@5AA8O, 2A5 @02=> A>E@0=8BAO =5:>B>@0O @07=8F0 2 C@>2=OE. K <>65B5 ?@8<5=8BL :><?@5AA8N 5I5 @07 ?@8 A2545=88. 4=0:> ?><=8B5, GB> G5< 1>;LH5 2K :><?@5AA8@C5B5, B5< 1>;LH5 HC<K ;5=BK, 871560BL :>B>@KE ?><>305B :><?@5AA>@ A> 2AB@>5==K< M:A?0=45@-359B>< (8;8 >B45;L=K9 =>97-359B). 'B>1K 0B0:0 72C:0 1K;0 ?>M=5@38G=59, C25;8G8209B5 0B0:C :><?@5AA>@0, ?@8 MB>< 2@5<O 2>AAB0=>2;5=8O 4>;6=> 1KBL :>@>G5, G5< 2@5<O <564C 42C<O ?>4@O4 84CI8<8 =>B0<8. A;8 =0 MB0?5 <8:H8@>20=8O 2K =5 C4>2;5B2>@5=K B>=0;L=K<8 E0@0:B5@8AB8:0<8 10A0, B> 2K <>65B5 C;CGH8BL 72CG0=85 ?@8 ?><>I8 M:20;0975@0 =0 :>=A>;8 ;81> ?CB5< ?>4:;NG5=8O : >B45;L=><C M:20;0975@C (3@0D8G5A:><C 8;8 ?0@0<5B@8G5A:><C). > =5 =C6=> A;8H:>< AB0@0BLAO: 8450;L=> >BAB@>5==K9 10A>2K9 72C:, 72CG0I89 87>;8@>20==>, =5 1C45B 72CG0BL B0: ?@8 4>102;5=88 4@C38E 8=AB@C<5=B>2 (8 =0>1>@>B). A;8 72C: =5 8<55B E>@>H59 0B0:8, B> <>6=> 4>1028BL CA8;5=8O =0 G0AB>B0E >B 80 4> 100 F. > ;CGH5 MB> 45;0BL, A;CH0O, :0: 72CG8B 10A A 4@C38<8 8=AB@C<5=B0<8. A;8 10A>2K5 72C:8 35=5@8@CNBAO A8=B570B>@>< 8;8 15@CBAO A AM<?;5@0, B> 2@O4 ;8 B@51C5BAO 8E :><?@5AA8@>20BL. 4=0:> 20< <>65B ?>=04>18BLAO 87<5=8BL =0AB@>9:C M:20;0975@0 =0 MB0?5, :>340 2K 2KAB@>8;8 ?@81;878B5;L=>5 >1I55 72CG0=85. -DD5:BK "E>@CA", "D;M=465@", "?5@52>@>B D07K" <>3CB 1KBL 4>102;5=K : A8=B578@>20==><C 10AC B>G=> B0: 65, :0: MB> 2K A45;0;8 1K 4;O >1KG=>9 10A-38B0@K. 2CG0=85 10@010=>2 - 2> <=>3>< 45;> 2:CA0. >;LH8=AB2> A>2@5<5==KE A8=B578@>20==KE 10@010==KE 72C:>2 8<5NB AE>4AB2> A 0:CAB8G5A:>9 CAB0=>2:>9. @8=OB> >1@010BK20BL 72C:8 ?@8 ?><>I8 :><?@5AA>@0 8 359B0, GB>1K ?>;CG8BL >BG5B;82K5 C40@K A @02=>9 48=0<8:>9. @5<O 0B0:8 :><?@5AA>@0 4>;6=> 1KBL C25;8G5=>, GB>1K 2=5AB8 =5>1E>48<CN 682>ABL 2 0B0:C 72C:0. A;8 2K 8A?>;L7C5B5 359B, B> 2@5<O 0B0:8 4>;6=> 1KBL <8=8<0;L=K< (1KAB@0O 0B0:0). @5<O 2>AAB0=>2;5=8O ?>418@05BAO =0 A;CE: B@51C5BAO >B@570BL 2A5 =5=C6=K5 72>=K <5<1@0=K. K@02=820=85 2 >1;0AB8 80 F 4>1028B 0B0:C 72C:0; ?>4J5< 2 >1;0AB8 6 :F ?@840AB >?@545;5==>ABL 0B0:5. 1KG=> 2 ?>?- 8 @>:-<C7K:5 B@51C5BAO ?>;CG8BL 1>;55 >AB@K9 72C: 10A-10@010=0, G5< MB> 45;05BAO 2 10;;040E 8 <54;5==KE AB8;OE. >MB><C 2A5340 =04> A;CH0BL 72CG0=85 8=AB@C<5=B0 2 :>=B5:AB5 2A59 ?5A=8. 5 =C6=> ?KB0BLAO A>740BL B0:>5 72CG0=85 C40@=KE, :>B>@>5 20< 1>;LH5 2A53> =@028BAO, B>;L:> ?>B><C, GB> A0< ?> A515 MB>B 72C: >G5=L E>@>H, 8;8 >= 72CG8B E>@>H> 2 4@C38E AB8;OE. 0 :064>< MB0?5 @01>BK 2K 4>;6=K >F5=820BL, :0: A>G5B0NBAO <564C A>1>9 72C:8. 0: 8 2 A;CG05 A 10A-38B0@>9, =5 ?@8=OB> 4>102;OBL <=>3> @525@15@0F88 2 72CG0=85 10A-10@010=0.  7028A8<>AB8 >B B8?0 <C7K:8, CAB0=>2:0 @525@15@0B>@0 2 @568<K "short room" 8;8 "gated" <>65B A45;0BL 72CG0=85 10A-10@010=0 1>;55 MDD5:B=K<. 0: 8 10A-38B0@0, 1>G:0 O2;O5BAO =87:>G0AB>B=K< 8=AB@C<5=B><, 0 7=0G8B, =5A5B <=>3> M=5@388, ?>MB><C 55 B>65 ?><5I0NB 2 F5=B@ ?0=>@0<K. 0;K9 10@010= 72CG8B 8=B5@5A=>, 5A;8 :064K9 87 72C:>2 (=87 8 25@E) >1@01>B0BL ?>-@07=><C. "8? <0;>3> 10@010=0, :>B>@K9 ?@8<5=O;AO ?@8 70?8A8, 1C45B >?@545;OBL B8? 72CG0=8O, ?>MB><C =5 A;54C5B >6840BL ?>;CG8BL =87:89 10A>2K9 72C: >B <5;:>3> 10@010=0-?8::>;>, B0: 65 :0: 8 <5B0;;8G5A:>5 72CG0=85 - >B <>45;8 A 3;C1>:8< 4=>< (45@52>). A5, GB> 2K 4>;6=K A45;0BL, - MB> C;CGH8BL B>, GB> C65 8<55BAO 2 70?8A8. 5 A;54C5B ?KB0BLAO 87<5=8BL 70?8A0==K9 72C: 4> =5C7=0205<>AB8. A;8 70?8AL A>25@H5==> =5 3>48BAO, B>340 AB>8B ?@>?CAB8BL 55 G5@57 359B 8 8A?>;L7>20BL 4;O 70?CA:0 =>2>3> 72C:0 A AM<?;5@0 8;8 @8B<-<0H8=K. -B> ;53G5 2A53> A45;0BL ?@8 ?><>I8 MIDI-:>=25@B5@0 8;8 359B0, :>B>@K9 8<55B -2KE>4. A;8 =0 B@5:5, 345 70?8A0= <0;K9 10@010=, 8<55BAO <=>3> ?>AB>@>==8E 72C:>2, 8;8 5A;8 <0;K9 10@010= 70?8A0= =5 =0 >B45;L=>< B@5:5, 2>7<>6=>, 20< C40ABAO >B45;8BL 53> ?@8 ?><>I8 D8;LB@0 F5?8 side chain 359B0. !CI5AB2C5B =5A:>;L:> 1>;55 ?@>ABKE A?>A>1>2 4;O 87<5=5=8O 72CG0=8O 10@010=0. 0?@8<5@, 2K <>65B5 8A?>;L7>20BL pitch shifter, 8 ?>;CG5==K9 20<8 =>2K9 72C: <>65B 8A?>;L7>20BLAO :0: A0<>AB>OB5;L=>, B0: 8 2 ?0@5 A> AB0@K< 72C:><. ("0: 1K;> A45;0=> =0 ?;0AB8=:5 M2840 >C8 "Let's Dance", 345 : 5AB5AB25==><C 72C:C <0;>3> 10@010=0 1K; 4>102;5= 20@80=B ?>=865==>3> 72C:0). 7<5=OBL 2KA>BC 72C:0 =04> 2 ?@545;0E =5A:>;L:8E ?>;CB>=>2. >20O (87<5=5==0O) 25@A8O <>65B 1KBL >1@01>B0=0 M:20;0975@>< 4;O 40;L=59H8E M:A?5@8<5=B>2. A;8 20< =C65= 1>;55 682>9, B8?8G=K9 72C: <0;>3> 10@010=0, B> A;54C5B ?@8<5=8BL 8=E0=A5@, 2<5AB> B>3> GB>1K ?>4G5@:820BL 25@E=89 :@09 480?07>=0 ?@8 ?><>I8 M:20;0975@0. !CI5AB2C5B B5=45=F8O A>74020BL "<>I=>5" 72CG0=85 <0;>3> 10@010=0, B0:, GB> >= 72CG8B A:>@55 :0: 27@K2, G5< :0: 10@010=. "0:>3> MDD5:B0 =0 C482;5=85 ;53:> 4>AB8GL 4065 87 4>AB0B>G=> <O3:>3> 72C:0 >1KG=>9 @8B<-<0H8=K 8;8 >1KG=>3> ABC489=>3> 10@010=0. 'B>1K ?>;CG8BL 27@K2=>9 72C:, A?5@20 =04> A45;0BL 53> 1>;55 @57>=8@CNI8< ?@8 ?><>I8 M:20;0975@0 B8?0 "sweep" =0 :>=A>;8 8;8 ?@8 ?><>I8 2=5H=53> M:20;0975@0 (<>6=> 4>AB8GL MB>3> 4065 ?@8 ?><>I8 45H52>3> 3@0D8G5A:>3> M:20;0975@0). !45;09B5 <0:A8<0;L=>5 CA8;5=85 8 :@CB8B5 @CG:C 2K1>@0 G0AB>BK, A;CH0O ?@8 MB><, :0: <5=O5BAO 72CG0=85 10@010=0. 0 =87:8E G0AB>B0E 72C: 1C45B =5?@8OB=K<, :0: 87 OI8:0. '5< 2KH5 G0AB>B0, B5< 1>;LH5 >= 1C45B =0?><8=0BL B>B 72C:, A :>B>@K< 2K;5B05B ?@>1:0 ?@8 >B:@K20=88 1CBK;:8 H0<?0=A:>3>. 0;L=59H55 ?>2KH5=85 G0AB>BK 40AB 65AB:89 M;5:B@>==K9 72C: (GB>-B> A@54=55 <564C 72C:>< <0;>3> 10@010=0 8 E;>?:>< 2 ;04>H8). 5H8B5, :0:>9 B8? 72C:0 2K E>B8B5 8A?>;L7>20BL 2 :0G5AB25 >A=>2K, 8 C<5=LH8B5 CA8;5=85, 5A;8 MDD5:B A;8H:>< O@:89. K 4065 <>65B5 C<KH;5==> ?5@53@C78BL :0=0; <8:H5@0 4> ?>O2;5=8O 8A:065=89, :>B>@K5 4>102OB M=5@388 2 72CG0=85 <0;>3> 10@010=0, A45;0NB 53> O@G5 8 03@5AA82=55. , =0:>=5F, 4>102LB5 >G5=L :>@>B:89 "gated reverb". #@>25=L MDD5:B0 4>;65= 1KBL 1>;LH8<: MB> 40AB ?5@54=89 ?;0=, 27@K2=>9 72C:. ! 4@C3>9 AB>@>=K, AB0;> ?>GB8 ?>2A5<5AB=> ?@8=OB> 8A?>;L7>20BL 70?8AL <0;>3> 10@010=0 4;O B>3>, GB>1K 70?CA:0BL 72C: A AM<?;5@0, 0 ?>B>< 4>102;OBL 53> 2 >@838=0;L=K9 72C: ?@8 <8:H8@>20=88. 'B>1K 45;0BL MB>, 2K 4>;6=K 8A?>;L7>20BL ;81> ?>@>3>2K9 >3@0=8G8B5;L HC<0 (=>97-359B) A MIDI-+%, ;81> 2K@56LB5 359B>< 72C: 10@010=0 A ;5=BK 8 ?>4:;NG8B5 2KE>4=>9 A83=0; 359B0 : MIDI-:>=25@B5@C. 0B5< G5@57 MIDI-+% <>6=> 70?CA:0BL AM<?;5@ 8;8 F8D@>2CN @8B<-<0H8=C. 45AL, :0: 8 2 ?@54K4CI8E A;CG0OE, ?@8<5=5=85 @525@15@0F88 - 45;> 2:CA0. 5:><5=4C5BAO CAB0=>28BL 2@5<O =5 1>;55 1,5 A. ?5G0B;5=85 > 3@><:>AB8 72C:0 =5 4>AB8305BAO ?@>AB> ?CB5< C25;8G5=8O C@>2=O; 4>;65= 1KBL :>=B@0AB <564C C40@0<8 8 B5<, GB> 72CG8B 2 ?0C70E <564C C40@0<8. A;8 2A5 ?0C7K 70=OBK @525@15@0F859, B> :>=B@0AB A=878BAO. A5 2 F5;>< 1C45B 72CG0BL ?5@53@C65==>, 1C45B ?>B5@O=0 682>ABL. >B ?>G5<C 745AL ?@8<5=O5BAO "gated reverb": @57:>5 ?@5:@0I5=85 @525@15@0F88 A>7405B =5>6840==K9 :>=B@0AB, :>B>@K9 ?@>872>48B <>I=>5 2?5G0B;5=85. "><K <>6=> >1@01>B0BL A B>9 65 @525@15@0F859, GB> 8 <0;K9 10@010=. @><5 B>3>, 2K <>65B5 ?@>?CAB8BL <0;K9 G5@57 "gated reverb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double tracking" 8 72CG8B E>@>H>, 5A;8 2>:0;8AB A?>A>15= A?5BL 2B>@>9 @07 B>G=> B0: 65, :0: 2 ?5@2K9. A;8 5<C B@C4=> B0: A45;0BL, ?>A>25BC9B5 5<C ?@8 ?>2B>@=>< ?5=88 ?@>?CA:0BL A>3;0A=K5 2 :>=F5 A;>2. ">340 =5 1C45B 70<5B=>, GB> A;>20 :>=G0NBAO =5 >4=>2@5<5==>. A;8 2>:0;8AB =5 <>65B ?@>4C1;8@>20BL A2>5 ?5=85, B>340 20< ?>B@51C5BAO A>740BL 8A:CAAB25==K9 401;-B@5: (ADT) ?@8 ?><>I8 >G5=L :>@>B:>9 7045@6:8 (30-60 <A) 8 <54;5==>9, =53;C1>:>9 <>4C;OF88. @8<5=5=85 401;-B@5:0 (8A:CAAB25==>3> 8;8 =0AB>OI53>) O2;O5BAO B0:65 E>@>H8< A?>A>1>< C?;>B=5=8O ?>4?52>:. A;8 >1@01>B0==K5 8 =5>1@01>B0==K5 72C:8 @072545=K 2 @07=K5 AB>@>=K, MB> A>7405B MDD5:B 3;C18=K 8 ?>72>;O5B 4>1028BL @525@15@0F8N : 7045@60==K< A83=0;0< (B>=:>5 >B;8G85 >B B>3>, GB> ?>;CG05BAO, 5A;8 4>1028BL 55 : 8AE>4=K< 3>;>A0<). A;8, =5A<>B@O =8 =0 GB>, 3>;>A0 ?>-?@56=5<C 72CG0B =5OA=> (87-70 ?;>B=>AB8 >AB0;L=>9 D>=>3@0<<K), 2K <>65B5 A45;0BL A;54CNI55: A>15@8B5 38B0@K 8 A8=B570B>@K 2 AB5@5>?>43@C??C, 8 2 @07@K2 ?>43@C??K 2:;NG8B5 :><?@5AA>@. A;8 C?@02;OBL :><?@5AA>@>< ?@8 ?><>I8 2=5H=53> A83=0;0 (?@O<> A 2KE>40 <8:@>D>=0 8;8 G5@57 B>G:C @07@K20), B> <>6=> @01>B0BL A :><?@5AA>@>< 2 @568<5 "ducker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trats): >=8 40NB O@:89, >?@545;5==K9 72C: 8 ?@8 MB>< =5 70?>;=ONB =86=NN A5@548=C 0C48>A?5:B@0 HC<><. > MB>9 65 ?@8G8=5 :;028H=K5 "?>4:;04K", 2 >A>15==>AB8 <=>3>3>;>AK5 AB@8=3A, 4>;6=K 72CG0BL 4>AB0B>G=> B8E> 2 <8:A5, GB>1K 8E 2>7459AB285 >AB020;>AL ?>GB8 =0 C@>2=5 ?>4A>7=0=8O. A;8 >=8 72CG0B O2=>, B> A:>@55 2A53> =5 2K?>;=ONB A2>59 7040G8, ?@8<5=5=K ?@>AB> :0: <C7K:0;L=K9 70?>;=8B5;L, 8 ?>3;>I0NB ?@><56CB:8, :>B>@K5 2K 4>;6=K 8A?>;L7>20BL 4;O A>740=8O :>=B@0AB0. 0<, :>=5G=>, C65 ?>=OB=>, GB> 3@><04=>5 :>;8G5AB2> >H81>: <>65B 1KBL A45;0=> B>;L:> =0 MB0?5 0@0=68@>2:8. >MB><C, ?@5645 G5< =0G8=0BL 70?8AL, =C6=> E>@>H> 2A5 >F5=8BL. >2@5<O 87<5=8BL 72C: 8=AB@C<5=B0 8;8 87<5=8BL G0ABL (?0@B8N), GB>1K >AB028BL <5AB> 4;O 4@C38E - 2A5 MB> <>65B 8<5BL 3@><04=>5 7=0G5=85 4;O >:>=G0B5;L=>3> @57C;LB0B0. =>340 4>AB0B>G=> A<5=8BL >4=> >1@0I5=85 0::>@40 =0 4@C3>5, 8 72CG0=85 AB0=>28BAO ?@028;L=K<. A;8 459AB2>20BL B0:, B> =0 MB0?5 A2545=8O 20H0 @01>B0 1C45B ?>-=0AB>OI5<C B2>@G5A:>9, 0 =5 ?@>AB> "A?0A5=85< CB>?0NI8E". ><=8B5, GB> 5A;8 8<5NBAO 425 >4=>2@5<5==> 83@0NI85 38B0@K A MDD5:B>< "48AB>@H=", @8B<-38B0@8AB 4>;65= G5B:> "A=8<0BL" 0::>@4K, 0 =5 "?5@55760BL" A >4=>3> =0 4@C3>9. "0:>9 ?@>AB>9 ?@85< ?@52@0I05B <CA>@ 2 8A?>;=5=85, ?>;=>5 682>AB8. A;8 2K 70=OBK A2545=85< 2 CA;>28OE, :>340 2K =5 <>65B5 C?@02;OBL B5<, GB> 70?8A0=> =0 ;5=B5 (=0?@8<5@, @5<8:A), B>340 8A?>;L7C9B5 M:20;0975@ 4;O >BAB@>9:8 A83=0;>2 B0:8< >1@07><, GB>1K ?5@5E;5AB ?> G0AB>B0< 1K; <8=8<0;L=K<. 0?@8<5@, 2K <>65B5 >1@570BL 25@E 2 72C:5 38B0@K "48AB>@H=", GB>1K >=0 72CG0;0 <5=55 2873;82>, 8;8, =0>1>@>B, A@570BL =86=NN 3@0=8FC C 38B0@K, 72CG0I59 <CB=>, 8;8 C :;028H=>9 ?0@B88, GB>1K ?@5:@0B8BL 8E "A>@52=>20=85" A 2>:0;>< 8;8 10A-38B0@>9. >65B5 @01>B0BL A :><?@5AA>@>< 2 @568<5 "ducker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astering) >340 2K AG8B05B5, GB> <8:A 3>B>2, =5 =0G8=09B5 <0AB5@8=3 A@07C. !45;09B5 ?5@5@K2, ?>A;CH09B5 =5A:>;L:> 70?8A59 2 B>< 65 AB8;5, GB> B0 ?5A=O, =04 :>B>@>9 2K @01>B05B5. -B> ?><>65B 2>AAB0=>28BL GC2AB2> ?5@A?5:B82K, 40AB 20H8< CH0< 2>7<>6=>ABL 70=>2> 040?B8@>20BLAO : @50;L=>AB8. >A;5 MB>3> <>6=> >?OBL A;CH0BL <8:A. >7<>6=>, 2K >1=0@C68B5, GB> 2 =5< 8<55BAO 425-B@8 O2=K5 ?@>1;5<K, :>B>@K5 2K 4> A8E ?>@ =5 >1=0@C68;8 8 :>B>@K5 >AB0;8AL 1K 2 70?8A8, 5A;8 1K 2K A@07C ?>A;5 A2545=8O =0G0;8 70?8AL =0 <0AB5@-;5=BC. >A;5 >:>=G0=8O =04> ?>A;CH0BL A2545==CN 70?8AL =0 4@C38E A8AB5<0E (2:;NG0O 02B><>18;L=CN 0C48>B5E=8:C 8 2KA>:>:0G5AB25==K5 48=0<8:8 "towers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ҨԨ  RTjlLNrtĿƿ46xz$&$a$gdLNz|\^46FH^`JHJrtvxBD$a$gdHJV vx##$a$gd# '"'--0-2-00588:==@@@@BBBBBBC$G&GNK$a$gdNKMMQQbQdQ(T*TWW[[__ddggkkoopprrtuvu$a$gdvuyn}p}~~ԃփ΋Ћhj$&`b$a$gdVXnp.0<>^`X$a$gdXZjl,.JL\^FHtx0$a$gd02bd02|~02JL.0\*,$a$gd    $$'&'>'@'p+r+..6$a$gd>V&"'9:^_~hht~ƂԆh~Nb0D"6ܒ؝Ȱܰ  X#%X'v'5588p\ *h9hnPkOJQJ^Jh)/OJQJ^Jh|hnPkOJQJ^JhaHOJQJ^Jh?EhnPkOJQJ^JhOJQJ^J *h5hnPkOJQJ^JhnPkOJQJ^J *hUhnPkOJQJ^J:6Z9\999= ?"?CtCvC*F,F(K*KNNPRRRRVTVjVlVZZZZ:\$a$gd:\<\bbhh*n,nnpppssttxxl}n}}}}}}}f$a$gdfhܐސ֞؞ƦȦ~$a$gdXZ³ij $&8:Z\4$a$gd46  FH8:^`^`"$  :<gd|$a$gd<0<^` V#X#%z'|'N(++:2<25555z=|=L>z@|@CC*G$a$gd*G,GFLHLpPrPzVfXhXp^r^pbrbee2e4eiixlzlpprryy$a$gdp\\aagg6iHiXprpww.{@{ haHOJQJ^JhnPkOJQJ^JhOJQJ^Jfh46ʖ̖>@LNXZ$a$gd8 00P|. A!}"}#n$% Dp^ 666666666vvvvvvvvv666666>6666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666hH6666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666662 0@P`p2( 0@P`p 0@P`p 0@P`p 0@P`p 0@P`p 0@P`p8XV~_HmHnHsHtHL`L 1KG=K97$8$OJQJ^J_HmHsHtHBA B A=>2=>9 H@8DB 0170F0XiX 1KG=0O B01;8F04 l4a .k . 5B A?8A:0 4/4 A=>2=>9 H@8DB2Z@2 "5:AB OJQJ^JPK![Content_Types].xmlj0Eжr(΢Iw},-j4 wP-t#bΙ{UTU^hd}㨫)*1P' ^W0)T9<l#$yi};~@(Hu* Dנz/0ǰ $ X3aZ,D0j~3߶b~i>3\`?/[G\!-Rk.sԻ..a濭?PK!֧6 _rels/.relsj0 }Q%v/C/}(h"O = C?hv=Ʌ%[xp{۵_Pѣ<1H0ORBdJE4b$q_6LR7`0̞O,En7Lib/SeеPK!kytheme/theme/themeManager.xml M @}w7c(EbˮCAǠҟ7՛K Y, e.|,H,lxɴIsQ}#Ր ֵ+!,^$j=GW)E+& 8PK!Ƶtheme/theme/theme1.xmlYnE#;8U i-qN3'JH DA\8 R>CW]{'ސ{g?x݈]"$q+_,y>8{7 K }xLވHe 2{Rܜaˋ??<ߟdžSr$L].<İT̟72S"ѵ_JwL&BJ05kZVyVy|xC OO|x>+<>@(:??/>5{yxFDdm 3^q5'=q6nib-$RB}}YGq=xK@;)^qbha79g . pUʹ;bbmc[$c'a}5KKfH5HL!ݦ&|mK{N6M6hq v|y 58+zH  *~ HHy\K*t@G>{sA}"))y sGfۡqǾ'w E1 [8>ܤ4Aбt׎~ls14_>,Ȭ7TT GqME=w-i>mo[oiBszbP:j5if F 9Pɉ* k\ A ;!N`.{I SցD p3˅5veU}AbvyA/g 氚 Z N+lR~aeԩj9&&CLgMʼn7a A0ƀHEA3~{q q1vƨl効9)>൜fN1N FIrdq8Y^:_73.|3 f%Jش?MOY s 3;} Rc0`d[鯠$ÿ - έhǴ"P 6T{TUٴ+9E28Y*MOt0O9Bݍqg7Ŕ9O)z?7#]u rBIHAאTpl>՟,SpT4@~BA%}'0+{eRF&rĪ#uu\{BHuM6`pG}N+!'_oN콶3a3dXZzCyCUɪ嶂ZZZ۱f,fAg-@`g v6V?Dhf6t=M&ʺ6ײ'݉#֚>d8s9xN=ڮjAv11;u2%M2oN1uo%տPK! ѐ'theme/theme/_rels/themeManager.xml.relsM 0wooӺ&݈Э5 6?$Q ,.aic21h:qm@RN;d`o7gK(M&$R(.1r'JЊT8V"AȻHu}|$b{P8g/]QAsم(#L[PK-![Content_Types].xmlPK-!֧6 +_rels/.relsPK-!kytheme/theme/themeManager.xmlPK-!Ƶtheme/theme/theme1.xmlPK-! ѐ' theme/theme/_rels/themeManager.xml.relsPK] 1rtPt^>p\ai4/3.8<PAG&rBZBXH`t!K|f`,5Ҩ#NKvuX06:\f4<*GWXYZ[\]^_`bcdefghj8@0(  B S  ?&1sy%1!Y`LU<Jo!t!J"L"M"Q""&'&$'('''''''j)w)))E/G/L/N/4 5068696?688M9V9_9i999;;BBFCUCVC[CCCCCNN.P5PHPOP@QGQQQSSWWXX]]]]]]]^$^)^T`[`AaHaaa bbcdddhhii5j9jjjkkmmmmnnooppqqqq-r.rssxx^zbz`e"l}Տۏ QTUZȜӜdm{ΠѠӠՠנޠ  .239EOҫޫW\ ?E[e<A-6nrs| %LQRY3="()-@I_hVe5>RXY_/8HRnp(z~@ G H R S ]     LSELMQ!!""$$$$`%c%d%i%%%%%&&&&'$'(((((((((((())))*****+++++++++++,,,,*-.-/-3-;-D-11>>AAB*B1D:DfDjDkDoDvDDFFFFFGHHHH8KAKLLOOOOQQQQVV'V1VVVLWVW`WfWWW[[\\\\Z]^]^^^^JaOabbYcaccccceeggggggBhHhIhNhhhiiiiBjNjnnrrr rrrrrssssbuku,1FKhl!/(,-2CV|ݖ)-.3ȚϚךߚ  Yjۤ-<̩کL\6EñƱDẔߴ?Mo~!"dps*Xb&1MRU_-2<AXc'1>L[fvx_jJV'1'1"R`R_#)o|P\  7 ;   J O   @ M   fkv>D[_ILIQej""""l#o#F%O%''()e-k-//M1Q1*2022222x6{6|66=9K9%:1:;;BBCCCCCCDDFFFFTH[HhIkIlIpIJK1Q*0$-k8<u!-ISwopqwnp( _wx*+H>R>v@@0HBHHHIIJJ{N}NVVYY[[[\e\^^+a1a!b(bsb{bjjrk~klSmNnZnnnppzzQu| MN  ͣԣѤڤ ag04cin@Bai$ g m z-. ]g * F%O%****C.E.o.p.//w1j299;;==b@m@BBGG GGIKtKMMhOiOQQTTNUPU/[:[]]_^i^__gggghhjjjoko:r<====<>F>@@ @$@%@(@)@-@5@;@<@@@@@@@AAAABBmBsB_RhRinow`e+0X]b> ' P $#Z#;111yHzHjjjj''176Vs)`9oB|,x?DCYC?E\FcGiI,Q!UB]4_FUcfnPk ts5Y|R~M*p]qQ5@DlSaOUZQPE]'IaHh: PUp |.)/'}11@_)e+|d+d+d.Gw1xxDxdxRxxxx|UnknownG*Ax Times New Roman5Symbol3. *Cx ArialO*Ax Times New Roman CYR?= *Cx Courier NewA BCambria Math"Ahf-z0z07xx24d//3 P?2!xx+*******************************************Long >1>BOh+'0 , L X dpx,*******************************************LongNormal45Microsoft Office Word@z1K@"ba@nocQ0z՜.+,0 hp|   / ,*******************************************    !"#$%&'()*+,-./0123456789:;<=>?@ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ[\]^_`abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz{|}~      !"#$%&'()*+,-./0123456789:;<=>?@ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ[\]^_`abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz{|}~      !"#$%&'()*+,-./0123456789:;<=>?@ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ[\]^_`abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz{|}~      !"#$%&'()*+,-./0123456789:;<=>?@ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ[\]^_`abcdefghijkmnopqrstuvwxyz{|}~Root Entry F`HuscQ1TablelDWordDocument:SummaryInformation(DocumentSummaryInformation8CompObjy  F' Microsoft Office Word 97-2003 MSWordDocWord.Document.89q